Solid hydrogen experiments for atomic propellants

Palaszewski, Bryan

doi:10.2514/6.2000-3855

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Condensation of normal hydrogen molecules into solid hydrogen (SH2) pellets has been demonstrated in the laboratory (Palaszewski, 2000). The behavior and properties of SH2 has been thoroughly studied by researchers in Japan (Ishimoto et al, 2002).…”

Section: Antimatter Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space Missions

Howe¹,

Jackson²

2005

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The concept of the Antimatter Driven Sail (ADS) has been examined in three major areas: Mission Architecture, Subsystem Technologies, and a Technology Roadmap. The Mission Architecture effort has focused on developing an integrated systems model to evaluate the performance of the entire spacecraft for a mission. The Subsystem Technologies investigation examined 1) the fundamental reactions between the antiprotons and the sail material and the subsequent momentum transfer, 2) a concept for storing antihydrogen at high densities, and 3) an entirely new concept for electrical power production. The new electrical-power concept may have applicability to nearer-term space missions as a power supply if the availability of antiprotons becomes common. In developing the Technology Roadmap, we examined the potential 1) for using recent developments in antiproton storage and antihydrogen formation to create a path to ultra-high density antihydrogen storage, and 2) for increasing production of antiprotons by modifying the existing Fermilab facility. Our system analysis indicates that a 10 kg instrument payload could be sent to 250 AU in 10 years using 30 milligrams of antihydrogen. This amount of antimatter is clearly within the production potential of the US within the next 40 years using currently accepted accelerator technologies. Major aspects of the architecture remain to be investigated but the first-cut assessment of the mission profile, the subsystem technologies, and the technology development path have all been identified. The antimatter driven sail may in-fact allow humanity to consider sending probes to the stars.

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Section: Antimatter Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space Missions

Howe¹,

Jackson²

2005

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…2,3,16 Numerical simulations, however, offer a relatively easy but powerful alternative to investigate these phenomena in depth. In addition, such simulations are becoming increasingly feasible due to advances in two-phase flow models, 17,18 dynamic mesh techniques, [19][20][21][22][23] and interface tracking algorithms, [24][25][26] as well as the modeling of surface tension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Solid-hydrogen particles are preferred for storing atomic propellants in these systems because they significantly reduce the fuel volume and weight in a launch vehicle, and most of all, they have the ability to stabilize and prevent the atoms from recombining. 1 A traditional technique to increase the mass density of hydrogen and generate hydrogen particles is to refrigerate hydrogen to near-freezing temperatures and pressurize in order to obtain dense, subcooled liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of liquid-hydrogen droplet generation from a vibrating orifice

Celik

Hussaini

et al. 2005

Physics of Fluids

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Atomic hydrogen propellant feed systems for far-future spacecraft may utilize solid-hydrogen particle carriers for atomic species that undergo recombination to create hot rocket exhaust. Such technology will require the development of particle generation techniques. One such technique could involve the production of hydrogen droplets from a vibrating orifice that would then freeze in cryogenic helium vapor. Among other quantities, the shape and size of the droplet are of particular interest. The present paper addresses this problem within the framework of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for multiphase flows, in order to unravel the basic mechanisms of droplet formation with a view to control them. Surface tension, one of the most important mechanisms to determine droplet shape, is modeled as the source term in the momentum equation. Droplet shape is tracked using a volume-of-fluid approach. A dynamic meshing technique is employed to accommodate the vibration of the generator orifice. Numerically predicted droplet shapes show satisfactory agreement with photographs of droplets generated in experiments. A parametric study is carried out to understand the influence of injection velocity, nozzle vibrational frequency, and amplitude on the droplet shape and size. The computational model provides a definitive qualitative picture of the evolution of droplet shape as a function of the operating parameters. It is observed that, primarily, the orifice vibrational frequency affects the shape, the vibrational amplitude affects the time until droplet detachment from the orifice, and the injection velocity affects the size. However, it does not mean that, for example, there is no secondary effect of amplitude on shape or size.

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Two-phase flow of solid hydrogen particles and liquid helium

Rouelle

Smith

et al. 2004

Cryogenics

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Solid hydrogen experiments for atomic propellants

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space Missions

Antimatter Driven Sail for Deep Space Missions

Numerical study of liquid-hydrogen droplet generation from a vibrating orifice

Two-phase flow of solid hydrogen particles and liquid helium

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