Solid catalysts for the production of fine chemicals: the use of natural phosphate alone and doped base catalysts for the synthesis of unsaturated arylsulfones

Origin of Informational Polymers: The Concurrent Roles of Formamide and Phosphates

“…Phosphate-catalysed products of formamide condensation Upon activation at high temperature, natural phosphates acquire mildly basic and acidic properties which are necessary for the formation of CÀC and CÀN bonds, [16] including the bglycosidic bond in nucleotide derivatives. [17] The possible role of phosphates in the abiotic synthesis of nucleobases from formA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G amide was investigated by simply heating formamide at 160 8C in the presence of catalytic amounts of the appropriate phosphate.…”

Catalysis by phosphates: A simple and efficient procedure for transesterification reaction

“…In recent decade, the use of natural phosphate (NP) in the organic transformation has been under attention [1][2][3][4][5] because this solid has several advantages, as it is cheap, readily available, stable, non-toxic, not a pollutant and recoverable and reusable. We have shown that its mild basic and acid properties can be exploited in many synthetic applications [1][2][3][4][5]. To improve the basic and acid activity of NP, we have doped it by zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 /NP) and potassium fluoride (KF/NP) and modified by sodium nitrate (Na/NP).…”

A simple, efficient, and green protocol for Knoevenagel condensation in a cost-effective ionic liquid 2-hydroxyethlammonium formate without a catalyst

“…It has been used for the preparation of natural products [2], cosmetics, perfumes, several therapeutic drugs [3], and fine chemicals [4]. In general, Knoevenagel condensation is performed in organic solvents in the presence of the bases or acids, mainly including DMAP [5], N-methylpiperazine [6], potassium fluoride mixture [7], guanidines [8], ZnCl 2 [9], and LaCl 3 [10].…”