Solid Catalysts and theirs Application in Biodiesel Production

Mat, Ramli; Samsudin, Rubyatul Adawiyah; Mohamed, Mohini; Johari, Anwar

doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.2.3047.142-149

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In esterification reaction the free fatty acid provides the hydroxyl group while the ethyl alcohol is the source of proton without an intermediate process [3]. Heterogenous catalysis differs from homogenous catalysis to undergoes a carbonium ion mechanism [4].…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesized 2nd Generation Zeolite as an Acid-Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

Alfattal¹,

Abbas²

2019

IJCPE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

MCM-48 zeolites have unique properties from the surfaces and structure point of view as it’s shown in the results ,and unique and very sensitive to be prepared, have been experimentally prepared and utilized as a second-generation/ acid - catalyst for esterification reactions of oleic acid as a model oil for a free fatty acid source with Ethanol. The characterization of the catalyst used in the reaction has been identified by various methods indicating the prepared MCM-48 is highly matching the profile of common commercial MCM-48 zeolite. The XRF results show domination of SiO2 on the chemical structure with 99.1% and agreeable with the expected from MCM-48 for it's of silica-based, and the SEM results show the cubic crystallographic space group compatible with Ia3d space group giving the hexagonal surface structure. The AFM test gave an average particle diameter of 97.51 nm and an average catalyst roughness of 0.855 nm. Esterification reaction of oleic acid with ethanol on MCM-48 has been carried in a batch reactor with 5% the prepared MCM-48 zeolite catalyst loading gives 81% of conversion after one hour at 353K

show abstract

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesized 2nd Generation Zeolite as an Acid-Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

Alfattal¹,

Abbas²

2019

IJCPE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pada reaksi pembentukan biodiesel umumnya dibutuhkan peranan katalis. Dengan pertimbangan minyak goreng bekas memiliki bilangan asam dan kadar air relatif tinggi, penggunaan katalis basa homogen akan menimbulkan berbagai masalah teknis, seperti: reaksi penyabunan, meningkatkan viskositas biodiesel, dan pemisahan katalis yang relatif sulit (Mat et al, 2012).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Sawit Bekas dengan Katalis Heterogen CaO: Studi Penentuan Rasio Mol Minyak/Metanol dan Waktu Reaksi Optimum

Haryono

Rahayu

Yulyati

2016

Eksergi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Keterbatasan daya dukung bahan bakar fosil terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan energi yang berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan, telah mengarahkan masyarakat pada upaya-upaya untuk menemukan dan mengembangkan sumber-sumber energi alternatif yang bersifat baru dan terbarukan. Salah satunya jenis energi terbarukan tersebut adalah biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis biodiesel dengan memanfaatkan limbah minyak goreng sawit bekas. Penelitian dikhususkan pada penentuan rasio mol minyak/metanol dan waktu reaksi transesterifikasi dengan katalis basa heterogen CaO. Rasio mol minyak/metanol dipelajari pada variasi 1/5, 1/10, 1/15, dan 1/20. Sedangkan waktu reaksi divariasikan selama 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5, dan 3 jam. Reaksi dilakukan pada suhu 65oC dan kadar katalis CaO sebanyak 3%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum reaksi dicapai pada saat sintesis biodiesel dilakukan pada rasio mol minyak/metanol sebesar 1/15 dengan lama reaksi 2,5 jam. Pada kondisi reaksi tersebut diperoleh biodiesel dengan beberapa parameter kualitas yang diuji telah sesuai dengan SNI untuk Biodiesel (SNI-04-7182-2006), yaitu: densitas 0,867 g/cm3, viskositas 5,28 mm2/s (pada suhu 40oC), titik kilat 182oC, angka asam 0,28 mg KOH/g, gliserol bebas 0,014%, gliserol total 0,10%, kadar ester 97,8%, dan angka iod 31,62%, serta yield biodiesel sebesar 86,0%.

show abstract

“…Obviously researchers are very interested in heterogenous catalysts, which are easier to separate and recover after the reaction, and generally provide higher activity, selectivity and longer lifetime [18][19][20]. There have been also attempts of microwave irradiation incorporation into polymerization of crude glycerol in order to eliminate the use of catalysts [21].…”

Section: Recent Developments In Polyurethane Foams Containing Low-cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Polyurethane Foams Containing Low-Cost and Pro-Ecological Modifiers

Kosmela¹,

Zedler²,

Formela³

et al. 2016

ChChT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Diversity of the polyurethane (PU) foams applications cause that investigation of the relationships between their structure and properties is currently very popular topic among the many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years many scientific papers about PU foams and their composites were published. The one of the main research trends in this field is related to the reduction of production costs of PU foams. This aim can be successfully achieved through the incorporation of raw materials of natural origin or the utilization of waste materials. This work reviews the progress and recent developments in area of PU foams containing low-cost and pro-ecological modifiers, such as crude glycerol, liquefied biomass, ground tire rubber, etc.

show abstract

Solid Catalysts and theirs Application in Biodiesel Production

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Synthesized 2nd Generation Zeolite as an Acid-Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

Synthesized 2nd Generation Zeolite as an Acid-Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Sawit Bekas dengan Katalis Heterogen CaO: Studi Penentuan Rasio Mol Minyak/Metanol dan Waktu Reaksi Optimum

Recent Developments in Polyurethane Foams Containing Low-Cost and Pro-Ecological Modifiers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About