Solid carbon production and recovery from high temperature methane pyrolysis in bubble columns containing molten metals and molten salts

Rahimi, Nazanin; Kang, Dong‐oh; Gelinas, John; Menon, Aditya Krishna; Gordon, Michael J.; Metiu, Horia; McFarland, Eric W.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.041

Cited by 111 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For operation during the hours of low solar availability, burning methane is proposed to heat the liquid bath. In another recent work [53], carbon contamination by metal was reported. A molten salt (KBr, NaBr) floating at the surface of the liquid metal (NiBi) was proposed to purify carbon but traces of molten salts remained on the carbon particles.…”

Section: -Direct Heat Supplymentioning

confidence: 93%

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

Rodat

Abanades

Boujjat

et al. 2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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High temperature solar thermochemical processes for fuels and chemical commodities production have been studied for decades and their feasibility is now proven. However, industrial deployment is limited and one of the main reasons is that the variability of solar energy hinders a priori day and night continuous solar process operation. Nevertheless, solar intermittence is now very well managed for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) electricity production. Indeed, thermal storage up to 600°C is demonstrated and CSP electricity is base-load capable. However, far beyond electricity, heat supply is the major need in industry. This work reviews the recent works published or patented in the field of continuous operation of high temperature solar thermochemical processes (>600°C). There is currently a strong commitment toward day and night solar processes operation since it could improve durability, quality of the products, efficiency and economics of such technologies. Indeed, industrial processes are mainly continuous and daily start up and shut down strongly limit the production capacity of the solar-driven processes, which represents a major lock for scale up. For the first time in this paper, day and night continuous high temperature solar processes are reviewed and categorized. The reported works show the great innovation activity in this field and the various options investigated to date. The main outcomes show that continuous heat supply is possible thanks to hybridization or thermal energy storage. Highlights: Round the clock high temperature solar thermochemical processes are reviewed  Hybridization (fuel, electricity) enables day and night operation  Hybrid solar/autothermal process can operate 24h a day  Heat storage can supply solar heat at night, either directly or indirectly  The solar flame concept is presented for continuous high temperature heat supply

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Section: -Direct Heat Supplymentioning

confidence: 93%

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

Rodat

Abanades

Boujjat

et al. 2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of molten metals (Ti, Pb, Sn), molten metal alloys (Ni-Bi, Cu-Bi), and molten salts (KBr, NaBr, NaCl, NaF, MnCl 2 , KCl) in liquid bubble column reactors has been investigated for methane pyrolysis during the last years [26,[131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138]. In a liquid bubble column reactor, the decomposition of methane takes place inside the bubbles, so that they can be considered as individual microreactors.…”

Section: Molten Metals and Molten Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, for the successful industrial implementation of methane pyrolysis, these issues must be fully understood, and thus, further investigations have to be conducted. considered for the catalytic decomposition of methane [78,[131][132][133][134][135][136][159][160][161]. Among them, fluidized-bed reactors and packed-bed reactors are the most commonly used.…”

Section: Natural Gas As Feed Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of reactors (packed‐bed reactors, fluidized‐bed reactors, fluid wall reactors, spouted‐bed reactors, honeycomb monoliths, molten salt reactors) have been considered for the catalytic decomposition of methane , , . Among them, fluidized‐bed reactors and packed‐bed reactors are the most commonly used.…”

Section: Implementation Of Methane Pyrolysis On An Industrial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main advantage of liquid bubble column reactors is the possibility of a continuous carbon removal from the liquid media due to density differences. This prevents blockage of the reactor as a result of carbon accumulation , , . Moreover, the contamination of the molten metal or molten salt by the carbon product is prevented , .…”

Section: Catalytic Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Schlögl

Ruland

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

133

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The Carbon2Chem® project aims to convert exhaust gases from the steel industry into chemicals such as methanol to reduce CO2 emissions. Here, H2 is required for the conversion of CO2 into methanol. Although much effort is put to produce H2 from renewables, the use of fossil fuels, especially natural gas, seems to be fundamental in the short term. For this reason, the development of clean technologies for the processing of natural gas with a low environmental impact has become a topic of utmost importance. In this context, methane pyrolysis has received special attention to produce CO2‐free H2.

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Bubble‐Mediated Mass Production of Graphene: A Review

Shi

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The large-scale industrial applications of graphene highly depend on its mass production with efficiency (high-yield, time-saving, and low-cost) and controllability (high-quality, safe, and environmentally friendly). However, this requirement can hardly be satisfied by incumbent chemical exfoliation methods exploiting liquid-solid interactions. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that the usage of bubbling as a new tool makes a big difference in multiple aspects of graphene production. Benefiting from their unique properties, the bubbles can be employed as the driving force to cleave graphite layers for graphene preparation or as the favorite interface for graphene growth at a high temperature. Therefore, the bubble-mediated technique represents a new strategy promising to achieve efficient and controllable preparation of graphene. Here, the formation and evolution of bubbles in liquid media are first analyzed. Then, two routes including "top-down" and "bottom-up" toward mass production of graphene with the assistance of bubbles are summarized and discussed. This review sheds light on the introduction of gas to realize the mass production of graphene for the development of graphene's applications on large scale.

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Solid carbon production and recovery from high temperature methane pyrolysis in bubble columns containing molten metals and molten salts

Cited by 111 publications

References 51 publications

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Bubble‐Mediated Mass Production of Graphene: A Review

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Solid carbon production and recovery from high temperature methane pyrolysis in bubble columns containing molten metals and molten salts

Cited by 111 publications

References 51 publications

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

On the path toward day and night continuous solar high temperature thermochemical processes: A review

Methane Pyrolysis for CO2‐Free H2 Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Bubble‐Mediated Mass Production of Graphene: A Review

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness