Methane Pyrolysis for CO<sub>2</sub>‐Free H<sub>2</sub> Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Sanchez‐Bastardo, Nuria; Schlögl, Robert; Ruland, Holger

doi:10.1002/cite.202000029

Cited by 136 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…Independently from the means of heating in methane pyrolysis (e.g., concentrated solar energy or electrical heating), catalysts are useful for boosting methane decomposition at temperatures below 1000 • C, thus lowering the complexity and the cost of the process. Therefore, different catalysts have been used to investigate methane pyrolysis [18,19,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40], including solid metal and carbonaceous catalysts, and molten media (metals or salts). As a new path, cracking in molten media is the particular originality of this review and is discussed in a dedicated part.…”

Section: Conventional Catalytic Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

2021

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Currently, hydrogen is mainly generated by steam methane reforming, with significant CO2 emissions, thus exacerbating the greenhouse effect. This environmental concern promotes methane cracking, which represents one of the most promising alternatives for hydrogen production with theoretical zero CO/CO2 emissions. Methane cracking has been intensively investigated using metallic and carbonaceous catalysts. Recently, research has focused on methane pyrolysis in molten metals/salts to prevent both reactor coking and rapid catalyst deactivation frequently encountered in conventional pyrolysis. Another expected advantage is the heat transfer improvement due to the high heat capacity of molten media. Apart from the reaction itself that produces hydrogen and solid carbon, the energy source used in this endothermic process can also contribute to reducing environmental impacts. While most researchers used nonrenewable sources based on fossil fuel combustion or electrical heating, concentrated solar energy has not been thoroughly investigated, to date, for pyrolysis in molten media. However, it could be a promising innovative pathway to further improve hydrogen production sustainability from methane cracking. After recalling the basics of conventional catalytic methane cracking and the developed solar cracking reactors, this review delves into the most significant results of the state-of-the-art methane pyrolysis in melts (molten metals and salts) to show the advantages and the perspectives of this new path, as well as the carbon products’ characteristics and the main factors governing methane conversion.

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Section: Conventional Catalytic Methane Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

2021

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“…Temperature range of applicability of transition metal catalysts for the catalytic methane decomposition. Reproduced based on data in Reference 33 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Ni‐based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the addition of Fe, Co, and Cu, as well as noble metals such as Pd, as a promoter for Ni also has attracted attention due to their high activity 100‐102 . Similar to Ni‐Cu, Ni‐Pd exhibits a high lattice constant that renders a high capacity for carbon accumulation 33 . A small fraction of Pd, that is, 0.4 wt%, deposited on Ni can increase the hydrogen yield to up to ~22% compared to the mono‐metallic Ni catalyst supported on SBA‐15 77 .…”

Section: Ni‐based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steps involved in the dissociative and molecular adsorption mechanism for the CMD are given in Table 4. Today, molecular adsorption mechanism is generally accepted for CMD reaction as compared to dissociative adsorption reaction 33,144 . Asai et al explored the mechanism of methane decomposition over 10wt%Ni/Al 2 O 3 based on molecular adsorption mechanism and Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism 145 .…”

Section: Ni‐based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Dipu

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrogen is a clean energy medium that can potentially replace fossil fuels in home, industrial, and transportation environments. Nonoxidative catalytic methane decomposition (CMD) is an environmentally friendly process that produces hydrogen and solid carbon as products. Among transition metal catalysts, Ni possesses a high degree of activity for methane decomposition. This article reviews the recent advancement (ie, 2015‐2020) of a Ni‐based catalyst for CMD and summarizes its performance. It addresses the effect of promoter, metal composition, support materials selection, catalyst synthesis, operating parameters, and reaction mechanism. Besides, other critical aspects for industrial application of CMD such as reactor design and catalyst regeneration are highlighted. Novelty Statement Catalytic methane decomposition is a promising technology for the co‐production of COx‐free hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials. The Ni‐based catalyst possesses a high degree of activity for catalytic methane decomposition. Regeneration by gasification should be considered to extend the operational life of the Ni‐based catalyst. A fluidized bed reactor is a suitable reactor type for the practical application of catalytic methane decomposition.

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“…are adopted. Among the various catalysts used in CMP, the metal-based catalyst has very critical systematic limitations such as high toxicity of metal and rapid deactivation of the catalyst due to encapsulation of the active metal sites with C product [41]. Thus, carbon-based CMP has a lot of attention owing to the properties of carbon catalysts such as lower cost, higher stability, temperature resistance, and their ability to be safely stored due to their non-toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Study for Thermal and Catalytic Methane Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Techno-Economic and Scenario Analysis

et al. 2021

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As many countries have tried to construct a hydrogen (H2) society to escape the conventional energy paradigm by using fossil fuels, methane pyrolysis (MP) has received a lot of attention owing to its ability to produce H2 with no CO2 emission. In this study, a techno-economic analysis including a process simulation, itemized cost estimation, and sensitivity and scenario analysis was conducted for the system of thermal-based and catalyst-based MP (TMP-S1 and CMP-S2), and the system with the additional H2 production processes of carbon (C) gasification and water–gas shift (WGS) reaction (TMPG-S3 and CMPG-S4). Based on the technical performance expressed by H2 and C production rate, the ratio of H2 combusted to supply the heat required and the ratio of reactants for the gasifier (C, Air, and water (H2O)), unit H2 production costs of USD 2.14, 3.66, 3.53, and 3.82 kgH2−1 from TMP-S1, CMP-S2, TMPG-S3, and CMPG-S4, respectively, were obtained at 40% H2 combusted and a reactants ratio for C-Air-H2O of 1:1:2. Moreover, trends of unit H2 production cost were obtained and key economic parameters of the MP reactor, reactant, and C selling price were represented by sensitivity analysis. In particular, economic competitiveness compared with commercialized H2 production methods was reported in the scenario analysis for the H2 production scale and C selling price.

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Cited by 136 publications

References 154 publications

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Parametric Study for Thermal and Catalytic Methane Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Techno-Economic and Scenario Analysis

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO2‐Free H2 Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Cited by 136 publications

References 154 publications

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

Methane decomposition into CO x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview

Parametric Study for Thermal and Catalytic Methane Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Techno-Economic and Scenario Analysis

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Methane Pyrolysis for CO₂‐Free H₂ Production: A Green Process to Overcome Renewable Energies Unsteadiness

Methane decomposition into CO _x ‐free hydrogen over a Ni‐based catalyst: An overview