Solid base catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae: Effects of process parameter on product yield and characterization

Biswas, Bijoy; Kumar, Avnish; Fernandes, Alisha C.; Saini, Komal; Negi, Shweta; Muraleedharan, Usha Devi; Bhaskar, Thallada

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123232

Cited by 98 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is clear that alkalis (homogeneous catalyst) appear to be effective than organic acids that lead to an improvement in its heating value and yield, though, usage of the heterogeneous catalyst by various researchers shows a positive result in the biocrude yield [126][127][128]. More freshly, solid based catalyst (CaO/ZrO 2 ) in 10 wt% is used with the different solvent to improvise the compound selectivity and HHV value [129,130].…”

Section: Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.

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Section: Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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“…Therefore, bio-oil still needs further denitrification refining before it could be used in refineries. 9 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, bio-oil still needs further denitrication rening before it could be used in reneries. 9 3.2.2 Chemical composition of bio-oil. Bio-oil prepared by HTL reaction is a complex system composed of a variety of oxygen and nitrogen organics.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalysis On Hydrothermal Liquefaction Product Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Thus, bio-oil containing esters, olens, ketones and other substances are produced. 9 Since water is the reactant in this reaction, it is not necessary to reduce the moisture content, which makes the high moisture content in the antibiotic residue to be advantageous. In addition, according to Gong's research, the active site of antibiotics can be quickly inactivated at 90-180 C. 10 Thus, this method has good adaptability for the treatment of antibiotic residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the hydrothermal liquefaction of antibiotic residues with molecular sieve catalysts in the ethanol–water system: focus on product distribution and characterization

et al. 2021

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“…90 Catalytic HTL could reduce the N and O contents in the CBO, thereby enhancing its quality. 91 Higher carbon or hydrocarbon could be formed in the catalytic HTL process. 88 In this regard, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been examined for the HTL of algae.…”

Section: Algae Species: Characteristics and Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Hydrothermal Upgrading of the Subsequent Crude Bio-Oil: A Mini Review

et al. 2020

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Algae biomass has recently attracted the attention of the green energy industry as a raw material for biofuels production. Their high-water content has led to the choice of hydrothermal liquefaction as a suitable way to convert them into biooil. From algae species to bio-oil as fuel, many steps are required, including the selection of algae species and process parameters (including catalysts), the liquefaction process, product separation, recovery of crude bio-oil, and subsequent upgrading (if the goal is to use the bio-oil as transportation fuel). This review gives some biochemical, elemental, and inorganic compositions of algae. The reaction mechanism of hydrothermal liquefaction is briefly described, with an emphasis on the influence of process parameters on the yield and quality of the crude bio-oil. The use of organic solvents as reaction media or for recovery of crude bio-oil from product mixtures is discussed. The research work on the catalytic hydrothermal upgrading of algae liquefied crude bio-oil in recent years is reviewed, and some conclusions are put forward. According to recent reports, there is a section devoted to the techno-economic analysis of the hydrothermal liquefaction process. Finally, the challenges that future research and new development strategies may face are proposed.

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Solid base catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae: Effects of process parameter on product yield and characterization

Cited by 98 publications

References 28 publications

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Study on the hydrothermal liquefaction of antibiotic residues with molecular sieve catalysts in the ethanol–water system: focus on product distribution and characterization

Progress in Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algal Biomass and Hydrothermal Upgrading of the Subsequent Crude Bio-Oil: A Mini Review

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