Solid Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid for Production of Value-Added Chemicals

Maheria, Kalpana C.; Lodhi, Aayushi; Lankapati, Henilkumar M.; Krishna, Rishav

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65017-9_12

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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Section: Developments and Viewpoints In Low‐alcohol Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zeolite catalysts are a significant class of commercial heterogeneous catalysts, with vast application in the petrochemical sector, and growth prospects in ecological catalysis and the production of fine chemicals. [135][136][137][138][139] Zeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates that can be modified in a variety of ways, providing a wealth of possibilities for further development of their characteristics. [140][141][142] Presently, over 200 different structural kinds have been identified, each with a unique size, shape, and connection of their channels, with most of them ranging from 8 to 30 rings.…”

Section: Improvement In Zeolite Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioethanol as a potential eco‐friendlier feedstock for catalytic production of fuels and petrochemicals

Anekwe

Isa

Oboirien

2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Bioethanol, synthesized through the valorization of biomass resources, is of great importance to many industries. As bioethanol has become more abundant and its price has decreased, it has become an attractive candidate for application as a base material for the synthesis of a variety of petrochemicals and fuel through catalysis. In this article, a comprehensive review of the catalytic conversion of bioethanol into hydrocarbons, including olefins and gasoline, is presented. In addition, developments and potential research opportunities in the field of bioethanol catalysis are provided to enhance bioethanol conversion. According to the findings of the study, despite significant progress in bioethanol conversion, further research is needed to address several challenges that will enable improved biofuel and chemical production.

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Section: Developments and Viewpoints In Low‐alcohol Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Improvement In Zeolite Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol as a potential eco‐friendlier feedstock for catalytic production of fuels and petrochemicals

Anekwe

Isa

Oboirien

2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…[12,13] The presence of ketone and carboxylic acid group present in the levulinic acid, can be used to synthesize levulinate esters, δ-amino levulinic acid, 1,4-pentanediol, αangelica lactone, βacetylacrylic acid, γ-valerolactone, etc. [14][15][16] Among all the valuable materials synthesized from the biomass, it is revealed that levulinic acid (LA) and its esters have been used as platform chemicals for their applications in green solvents, fragrances, biofuels, pharmaceutical intermediates, monomers in polymers, fuel additives, flavoring agents and resin precursors. [17][18][19][20][21] The ester, ethyl levulinate can be directly used as a miscible biofuel in regular diesel car engines up to 5 wt %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Synthesis of Energy‐rich Fuel Additive Levulinate Esters from Levulinic Acid using Modified Ultra‐stable Zeolite Y

2022

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In the present investigation, the esterification reaction of levulinic acid with ethanol was performed using sulfuric acid‐modified zeolite Y catalyst to synthesize ethyl levulinate. Characterization of zeolite catalysts was performed using SEM‐EDS, XRD, and FTIR techniques. The experiments were performed to find the optimum reaction parameters to obtain the maximum yield of 96 % of the product, levulinate ester by varying catalyst concentration (2–12 wt %), levulinic acid to ethanol mole ratio (1 : 1 to 1 : 13), reaction temperature (40 °C–100 °C). The esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol followed pseudo‐first‐order reaction kinetics. The activation energy for this reaction was found to be 19.570 KJmol−1.

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A comparative study on the performance of acid catalysts in the synthesis of levulinate ester using biomass‐derived levulinic acid: a review

Gautam

Barman

Ali

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Non‐renewable resources have adverse effects on the environment, which result in global warming. Research has been shifted toward sustainable resources and lignocellulosic biomass is the best example of this. Lignocellulosic biomass is inexpensive, abundantly available and a rich source of carbon, which makes society less dependant on the use of fossil fuels. It is necessary for society to stop using petroleum‐based technologies and start developing more biomass‐based technologies. Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into levulinic acid through various methods. Various value‐added chemicals are synthesized from levulinic acid, such as levulinate esters, acrylic acid, β‐acetyl acrylic acid, 1,4‐pentanediol, 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran, γ‐valerolactone, etc. Among these, levulinate esters have received much attention owing to their broad applications as fuel additives, plasticizers and solvents in the pharmaceutical industries. Levulinate esters can be synthesized from the esterification reaction of levulinic acid and alcohol in the presence of either liquid or solid acid catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts are favoured above homogeneous catalysts because of their properties, like being easy to separate, having good catalytic activity, being non‐corrosive to the reactor and having good recyclability. The performance of various heterogeneous catalysts such as zirconia, heteropolyacids, zeolite, carbonaceous material, resins and biocatalysts is reported in detail in the review. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Solid Acid-Catalyzed Esterification of Levulinic Acid for Production of Value-Added Chemicals

Cited by 6 publications

References 169 publications

Bioethanol as a potential eco‐friendlier feedstock for catalytic production of fuels and petrochemicals

Bioethanol as a potential eco‐friendlier feedstock for catalytic production of fuels and petrochemicals

Catalytic Synthesis of Energy‐rich Fuel Additive Levulinate Esters from Levulinic Acid using Modified Ultra‐stable Zeolite Y

A comparative study on the performance of acid catalysts in the synthesis of levulinate ester using biomass‐derived levulinic acid: a review

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