Solely human milk diets for preterm infants

Taylor, Sarah N.

doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2019.06.006

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…On the contrary, emerging evidence suggests that an exclusive human milk diet is associated with reduced risk of feed intolerance, NEC, retinopathy of prematurity, and sepsis in preterm infants compared with bovine-derived formulas or fortifiers (14). Hence, HMFs are potentially more suitable for preterm infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated their effects in preterm infants. Given the current emphasis on an exclusive human milk diet for preterm infants (14), it is important to assess whether HMFs have beneficial effects compared with BMFs in this high-risk population. We therefore conducted a systematic review to assess the effects of HMFs compared with BMFs on mortality, morbidity, growth, and development in preterm infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Milk–Derived Fortifiers Compared with Bovine Milk–Derived Fortifiers in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ananthan

Balasubramanian

Rao

et al. 2020

Advances in Nutrition

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This systematic review assessed outcomes after using human milk–derived fortifier (HMF) compared with bovine milk–derived fortifier (BMF) in preterm infants. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model showed the following results: 1) lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; ≥Stage II) (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.95; P = 0.04, I2 = 9%; n = 334, 4 RCTs) and surgical NEC (RR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.67; P = 0.02, I2 = 0%; n = 209, 3 RCTs) in the HMF group; 2) no significant difference in mortality (RR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.15; P = 0.09, I2 = 0%; n = 334, 4 RCTs); 3) lower weight gain in the HMF group [mean difference (MD) = −1.08 g · kg−1 · d−1; 95% CI: −1.96, −0.21 g · kg−1 · d−1; P = 0.02, I2 = 0%; n = 241, 4 RCTs]; 4) no differences for length (MD = −0.11 cm/wk; 95% CI: −0.26, 0.04 cm/wk; P = 0.14, I2 = 68%) and head circumference (MD = −0.02 cm/wk; 95% CI: −0.08, 0.05 cm/wk; P = 0.59, I2 = 23%); and 5) no significant difference in late-onset sepsis (RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.56, 1.67; P = 0.90, I2 = 63%; n = 334, 4 RCTs). The beneficial effects of HMF for NEC were no longer significant in sensitivity analyses after excluding studies with high risk of bias. Quality of evidence as per Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis was low to very low, and hence the confidence in these results is low. In summary, fortification of milk in preterm infants with HMF compared with BMF decreased the risk of NEC but was associated with lower weight gain. Given the low quality of evidence, adequately powered and well-designed RCTs without the influence of industry are required in this field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk–Derived Fortifiers Compared with Bovine Milk–Derived Fortifiers in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ananthan

Balasubramanian

Rao

et al. 2020

Advances in Nutrition

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“…Human milk contains specific nutrients and various immunological protective factors (Palmeira & Carneiro-Sampaio, 2016). For preterm infants, the health benefits of human milk are even more important, including reducing the risk for necrotizing enterocolitis, lateonset sepsis, and retinopathy of prematurity as well as improved cognitive outcomes (Taylor, 2019). Human milk consumption can reduce the time period for which the infant needs parenteral nutrition, since infants can process greater volumes of human milk than formula (Dempsey & Miletin, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human milk consumption can reduce the time period for which the infant needs parenteral nutrition, since infants can process greater volumes of human milk than formula (Dempsey & Miletin, 2019). Human milk also reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants in comparison with a diet of formula and/or bovine milk-based fortifier (Taylor, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Paying it Forward” – Swedish Women’s Experiences of Donating Human Milk

2020

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Background Human milk is recommended as the only nutritional source during the first 6 months of life. For preterm infants, the benefits of human milk are even more important and can alleviate the negative influences of preterm birth. Research aim To describe how Swedish human milk donors experienced the donation process. Method A prospective mixed methods mail survey was designed. It was sent to human milk donors ( N = 72) at two Swedish hospitals. Quantitative data are presented with descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results The infants were between newborn and 17 weeks of age when the participants started their human milk donations, and the duration of the donation period lasted 1–24 weeks. The overall theme identified was the participants’ strong desire to help infants, often expressed as being involved in saving infants’ lives. Many participants experienced difficulties getting the information needed to become human milk donors; for others, expressing milk required both time and energy that they could otherwise spend with their own newborn infants. Conclusion Donating human milk can be experienced as a demanding and strenuous task. Therefore, it is important that women who donate human milk receive the practical help from health care staff that they feel they need. Furthermore, information and knowledge about the possibility of donating human milk, and how important human milk is for preterm and/or sick infants, are important in order to increase the number of women willing to donate human milk.

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“…Human milk is a food base for newborns, its proximate composition (water, fat, protein, carbohydrates, and minerals) is balanced and contains unique substances, such as growth factors, antimicrobial factors, anti-inflammatory agents, digestive enzymes, microorganisms, and various types of hormones (1) . Some circumstances can hinder babies from accessing human milk, such as premature births, difficulties suck milk, mothers with an infectious disease, or low milk production volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenised and pasteurised human milk: lipid profile and effect as a supplement in the enteral diet of Wistar rats

et al. 2021

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The retention of human milk (HM) fat in nasogastric probes of infusion pumps can be observed during the feed of infants unable to suck at the mother’s breast. The lack of homogenisation of HM could contribute to the fat holding. Therefore, the present study evaluated (i) the influence of homogenisation on milk fat retaining in infant feeding probes and (ii) the in vivo effect of the homogenisation on lipid absorption by Wistar rats. The animals were fed with HM treated following two processing conditions, that is, pasteurised and homogenised–pasteurised. The animals were randomly subdivided into four experimental groups: water-fed (control), pasteurised milk, homogenised–pasteurised milk and pasteurised–skimmed milk. The results of food consumption, mass body gain, corporate metrics and plasma blood levels of total cholesterol did not show any difference (P < 0·05) among the three types of HM used in the experiments. The liver, intestine and intra-abdominal adipose tissue of the four groups of animals presented normal and healthy histology. The composition of fatty acids in the brain tissue of animals fed with homogenised HM increased when compared with the groups fed with non-homogenised HM. These values were 11·08 % higher for arachidonic acids, 6·59 % for DAH and 47·92 % for nervous acids. The ingestion of homogenised HM promoted higher absorption of milk nutrients. Therefore, the addition of the homogenisation stage in HM processing could be an alternative to reduce fat retention in probes and to improve the lipids’ absorption in the body.

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Solely human milk diets for preterm infants

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Human Milk–Derived Fortifiers Compared with Bovine Milk–Derived Fortifiers in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Human Milk–Derived Fortifiers Compared with Bovine Milk–Derived Fortifiers in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“Paying it Forward” – Swedish Women’s Experiences of Donating Human Milk

Homogenised and pasteurised human milk: lipid profile and effect as a supplement in the enteral diet of Wistar rats

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