Soldering of copper using graphene-phosphoric acid gel

Abstract

Soldering is a physical process in which one metal melts and joins the other to form a strong bond, which further helps in electron conduction and increases the mechanical strength in any electronic circuits. The present work demonstrates the development of graphene-based flux comprising of 2 g of graphene and 2 ml of phosphoric acid for the residue-free, high stability, durable, and two-step soldering of copper wire on to the surface of the copper-based printed circuit board. The soldering flux can be applied to the copper, and wire can be soldered in ambient conditions using commercial soldering iron at a standard soldering temperature of 260℃. This flux helps the formation of strong and electrically conducting joints between the copper wire and copper-based printed circuit board. The joints are studied with scanning electron microscope images, and energy dispersive X-ray mapping successfully shows the formation of a joint between the copper wire and the copper and also shows the presence of graphene between the joint.

Avoiding Desiccation Cracks during the Formation of Multilayer Graphene Oxide Films

“…The difference is ±0.1 between the GO1–GO4 samples and +0.15 between the RGO and the GO1–GO4 samples, indicating that the synthesized GO1–GO4 and RGO samples have many structural defects, showing the alteration of the GO structure through the thermal reduction process. This confirms that the prepared RGO and GO1–GO4 samples contain defects as reported in the literature . The two other bands were observed at 2700 and 2900 cm –1 .…”

“…The EDS analysis graphs are represented in Figure , showing the elemental percentage present in the marked area. EDS analysis in SEM mainly depends on the size of the interaction volume and is controlled by the accelerating voltage and the mean atomic number of the elements . All of the elements present in the GO samples are observed, as shown in Figure .…”

“…EDS analysis in SEM mainly depends on the size of the interaction volume and is controlled by the accelerating voltage and the mean atomic number of the elements. 31 All of the elements present in the GO samples are observed, as shown in Figure 4. Mainly carbon, oxygen, and manganese elements are observed in the GO and RGO samples and are shown in Figure 4b.…”

“…This confirms that the prepared RGO and GO1−GO4 samples contain defects as reported in the literature. 31 The two other bands were observed at 2700 and 2900 cm −1 . For monolayer graphene, a sharp peak at 2700 cm −1 is observed.…”