Solar power for Radio Base Station (RBS) sites applications including system dimensioning, cell planning and operation

Lindemark, B.; Öberg, Gudrun

doi:10.1049/cp:20010655

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The SBSs are, instead, only powered by the renewable energy they harvest through a photovoltaic panel and store into a battery. The solar power is deemed the most appropriate due to the good efficiency of commercial photovoltaic panels as well as the wide availability of the solar source for typical installations [20].…”

Section: Reference Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Renewable Powered Small Base Stations: A Machine Learning Approach

Piovesan

Liu

Miozzo

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

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The deployment of dense networks of small base stations represents one of the most promising solutions for future mobile networks to meet the foreseen increasing traffic demands. However, such an infrastructure consumes a considerable amount of energy, which, in turn, may represent an issue for the environment and the operational expenses of the mobile operators. The use of renewable energy to supply the small base stations has been recently considered as a mean to reduce the energy footprint of the mobile networks. In this paper, we consider a hierarchical structure in which part of the base stations are powered exclusively by solar panels and batteries. Base stations are grouped in clusters and connected in a micro-grid. A central controller enables base station sleep mode and energy sharing among the base stations based on the available energy budget and the traffic demands. We propose three different implementations of the controller through Machine Learning models, namely Imitation Learning, Q-Learning and Deep Q-Learning, capable of learning optimal sleep mode and energy sharing policies. We provide an exhaustive discussion on the achieved performance, complexity and feasibility of the proposed models together with the energy and cost savings attained.

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Section: Reference Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Renewable Powered Small Base Stations: A Machine Learning Approach

Piovesan

Liu

Miozzo

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Green Commun. Netw.

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show abstract

“…The SBSs are powered solely by a photovoltaic (PV) panel plus battery and are deployed for capacity enhancement. Among other harvesting technologies, the solar power is deemed the most appropriate due to the good efficiency of commercial PV panels as well as the wide availability of the solar source for typical installations [26]. Each cluster forms a micro-grid and the renewable energy inflow is managed based on a harvest-store-share approach.…”

Section: Reference Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Autonomous Operation of 5G Mobile Networks in Micro-Grids

et al. 2019

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In this paper, we focus on the design of energy self-sustainable mobile networks by enabling intelligent energy management that allows the base stations to mostly operate off-grid by using renewable energies. Many papers are available in the literature on this problem, and however, we are approaching this issue from a different angle. In fact, we advocate for future mobile networks with a hierarchical cell structure and powered by energy harvesting hardware. Base stations within the same geographical area are grouped in a micro-grid and operate almost autonomously from the power grid. To achieve this goal, we target the design of the optimal traffic and computational load control method with energy sharing within the microgrid. We solve the optimization problem using a graph-based method, and we demonstrate, via software simulations, that a combination of load control plus energy sharing represents a viable and economically convenient solution for enabling energy self-sustainability of mobile networks grouped in micro-grids.

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“…The idea of using solar harvesters to power base stations (BSs) has been around since 2001, starting with second generation (2G) technology [4]. However, initial studies focused on rural scenarios, where connectivity to the power grid is impracticable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When telecommunications networks meet energy grids: cellular networks with energy harvesting and trading capabilities

et al. 2015

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In this article, we cover eco-friendly cellular networks, discussing the benefits that ambient energy harvesting offers in terms of energy consumption and profit. We advocate for future networks where energy harvesting will be massively employed to power network elements; even further, communication networks will seamlessly blend with future power grids. This vision entails the fact that future base stations may trade some of the excess energy they harvest so as to make a profit and provide ancillary services to the electricity grid. We start by discussing recent developments in the energy harvesting field, and then deliberate on the way future energy markets are expected to evolve and the new fundamental trade-offs that arise when energy can be traded. Performance estimates are given throughout to support our arguments, and open research issues in this emerging field are discussed.

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Solar power for Radio Base Station (RBS) sites applications including system dimensioning, cell planning and operation

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Renewable Powered Small Base Stations: A Machine Learning Approach

Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Renewable Powered Small Base Stations: A Machine Learning Approach

Joint Load Control and Energy Sharing for Autonomous Operation of 5G Mobile Networks in Micro-Grids

When telecommunications networks meet energy grids: cellular networks with energy harvesting and trading capabilities

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