Solar Energy in Urban Environment: How Urban Densification Affects Existing Buildings

Lobaccaro, Gabriele; Frontini, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.176

Cited by 70 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Using renewable energy, especially when produced on the building premises is one of the critical components of energy efficient buildings according to the EN 15232 standard [19]. There is a growing interest in decentralized energy production in urban environments, as people are discovering the potential of solar production on roofs, but also on building facades [20,21,22]. People who install their own solar power generators can act as both a user and a provider.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadoop Oriented Smart Cities Architecture

Dıaconıța

Bologa

2018

Sensors

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A smart city implies a consistent use of technology for the benefit of the community. As the city develops over time, components and subsystems such as smart grids, smart water management, smart traffic and transportation systems, smart waste management systems, smart security systems, or e-governance are added. These components ingest and generate a multitude of structured, semi-structured or unstructured data that may be processed using a variety of algorithms in batches, micro batches or in real-time. The ICT architecture must be able to handle the increased storage and processing needs. When vertical scaling is no longer a viable solution, Hadoop can offer efficient linear horizontal scaling, solving storage, processing, and data analyses problems in many ways. This enables architects and developers to choose a stack according to their needs and skill-levels. In this paper, we propose a Hadoop-based architectural stack that can provide the ICT backbone for efficiently managing a smart city. On the one hand, Hadoop, together with Spark and the plethora of NoSQL databases and accompanying Apache projects, is a mature ecosystem. This is one of the reasons why it is an attractive option for a Smart City architecture. On the other hand, it is also very dynamic; things can change very quickly, and many new frameworks, products and options continue to emerge as others decline. To construct an optimized, modern architecture, we discuss and compare various products and engines based on a process that takes into consideration how the products perform and scale, as well as the reusability of the code, innovations, features, and support and interest in online communities.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hadoop Oriented Smart Cities Architecture

Dıaconıța

Bologa

2018

Sensors

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“…The GUUD is a model that operates at the city macroscale level by defining a simplest set of urban units that, like cells, can be considered negative, positive, or neutral in accordance with the differential between their respective potential of solar energy supply and existing energy consumption patterns (Figure 1). This approach, inspired by cellular automata theory, permits us to interrelate within GIS a variety of determinants such as urban compactness [35], morphology [36], street patterns [49], buildings orientation [50], density [51], and land use [10], which have great influence on solar energy production and consumption. The statistical subsections joined to the 'information reference geographical database' released by the National Institute of Statistics (2011) [52] have been adopted as the starting point for the urban unit delimitation (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while applying these analytical approaches to an urban system, the relationship between solar potential and energy consumption patterns can be effectively explored. Indeed, this is the lesson from the ample literature concerning the analysis of urban solar potential, with particular attention to GIS tools [30,31], parametric modelling [10,32,33] and new methodologies for solar urban planning [34] and design [35]. On the other hand, the relationships between the effect of urban geometry and energy consumption are illustrated by Ratti, Baker, and Steemers (2005) [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cellular Approach to Net-Zero Energy Cities

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Recent growth in the use of photovoltaic technology and a rapid reduction in its cost confirms the potential of solar power on a large scale. In this context, planning for the deployment of smart grids is among the most important challenges to support the increased penetration of solar energy in urban areas and to ensure the resilience of the electricity system. As part this effort, the present paper describes a cellular approach to a Net-Zero energy concept, based on the balance between the potential solar energy supply and the existing consumption patterns at the urban unit scale. To do that, the Geographical Urban Units Delimitation model (GUUD) has been developed and tested on a case study. By applying the GUUD model, which combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS), parametric modelling, and solar dynamic analysis, the whole area of the city was divided into urban cells, categorized as solar producers and energy consumers. The discussion around three theoretical scenarios permits us to explore how smart grids can be approached and promoted from an urban planning perspective. The paper provides insights into how urban planning can be a driver to optimize and manage energy balance across the city if the deployment of smart grids is correctly integrated in its operative process.

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“…O irreversível processo mundial de verticalização e adensamento das cidades (PEDRAZA et al, 2013;RAMIRES, 2011) vem transformado a malha urbana, gerando aglomerados de assentamentos cada vez mais complexos (LOBACCARO;FRONTINI, 2014). Neste contexto, as obstruções e sombreamentos gerados pela interação entre prédios cada vez maiores e próximos entre si pode resultar na diminuição ou mesmo impossibilidade de obtenção de acesso solar no interior das edificações (LITTLEFAIR, 2001; ESCH, VAN;LOOMAN;BRUIN-HORDIJK, DE, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Desta forma, determinar os efeitos dinâmicos que a trajetória diária do Sol pode causar entre as edificações pode ser o meio para a obtenção de subsídios visando o estabelecimento de recomendações urbanas de ocupação, de forma que a possibilidade de obtenção de condicionamento passivo (aquecimento e iluminação), e do aproveitamento do potencial fotovoltaico em construções possam ser preservados (LOBACCARO;FRONTINI, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mineração de texto aplicada a artigos do ENCAC e ELACAC (1990-2013) relacionados a acesso solar

Tamura¹,

Krüger²,

Guimarães³

2014

Encontro Nacional De Tecnologia Do Ambiente Construído

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RESUMO Para que haja aquecimento e iluminação passivos de edificações é necessário o acesso solar. Para sua obtenção, latitude e orientação solar devem ser consideradas na concepção de planos urbanísticos. Caso contrário, podem-se ter ambientes úmidos, mal iluminados e frios, causando desconforto aos usuários. Neste sentido, estudos surgidos a partir de 1990 vêm ampliando a questão, com a inclusão dos efeitos da falta de acesso solar em processos biológicos não ligados à visão. Quando o acesso solar é escasso ou inexistente, indivíduos podem apresentar índices maiores de estresse, depressão e ansiedade. A falta de luz solar pode também influenciar a regulação de ritmos biológicos como o ciclo circadiano e a produção de hormônios. Além disso, as fontes luminosas artificiais predominantemente não possuem espectro similar ao da luz natural, necessário para a ocorrência de diversas funções orgânicas. Desta forma, a prática corrente de especificação de níveis de iluminação artificial baseados somente em conforto visual pode ser inadequada para atender os requisitos necessários para estimulação biológica, sugerindo a necessidade de que o tema seja mais explorado. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar o levantamento dos termos mais empregados em publicações do ENCAC/ELACAC desde seu início (1990) até 2013, identificando os termos mais frequentes relacionados ao tema acesso solar, e verificando a posição do termo saúde em relação aos demais. Foi utilizada a técnica de mineração de texto aplicada a um banco de dados com todas as publicações do evento. Os resultados indicaram que a produção relacionada ao acesso solar é substancialmente menor quando comparada percentualmente com o total de publicações da população avaliada. Os termos mais empregados relacionados são conforto térmico, eficiência energética e iluminação. As publicações que relacionam acesso solar e saúde são incipientes, sugerindo que a relação acesso solar e saúde oferece vasto campo a ser explorado pela comunidade científica. Palavras-chave: Mineração de texto; Acesso solar; Saúde. ABSTRACT The solar access is necessary for passive heating and illumination in buildings. Its obtainment requires considering the latitude and solar orientation in conceptions of urban plans. If it does not happen, it can cause humid and cold ambiences with poor illumination that leads discomfort to its users. Furthermore, since 1990, studies have been expanding the issue and including the effect of lack of solar access in biological processes not related to vision. When the solar access is scarce or nonexistent, individuals can present bigger indexes of stress, depression and anxiety. The lack of solar light can also affect the regulation of biological rhythms like circadian cycle and hormone production. Moreover, the artificial light sources predominantly do not have spectrum similar to natural light that is required to have many organic functions. Thereby the current practice in specification of artificial illumination levels based only on visual comfort can be inadequa...

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Solar Energy in Urban Environment: How Urban Densification Affects Existing Buildings

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

Hadoop Oriented Smart Cities Architecture

Hadoop Oriented Smart Cities Architecture

A Cellular Approach to Net-Zero Energy Cities

Mineração de texto aplicada a artigos do ENCAC e ELACAC (1990-2013) relacionados a acesso solar

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