Solar District Heating in East Germany – Transformation in a Cogeneration Dominated City

Urbaneck, Thorsten; Oppelt, Thomas; Platzer, Bernd; Frey, Holger; Uhlig, Ulf; Göschel, Thomas; Zimmermann, Dieter; Rabe, D.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.02.164

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The reasons behind the underperformance of the system compared to the simulated results are thermal properties of the borehole storage, tank stratification issues, pump controls, heat losses through the network due to high temperatures, and lower than expected collector efficiency. Hence, it shows that these common reasons are the main causes that can affect the performance of the system and cause a deviation in the measured and estimated performance (Bauer, et al, 2010;Urbaneck, et al, 2015). Other than the abovementioned issues, some other reasons can also decrease the performance of the system.…”

Section: Btesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design solar fractions are overestimated, and measurements showed that in a real application, the systems underperformed. The main common reasons found are, a higher than expected net return temperature, efficiency issues in the heat exchanger and collector, losses through storage, and wrong sizing due to non-optimized solutions (Bauer, et al, 2010;Urbaneck, et al, 2015). In the project installed and monitored in Steinfurt-Borghorst, Hamburg, and Neckarsulm II, the results showed a deviation between the designed performance and the monitored performance.…”

Section: Btesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of technical failures on the performance of an optimized community-size solar heating system in Nordic conditions

Rehman

Hirvonen

Sirén

2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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There is a substantial need to accelerate the advancement and implementation of clean energy technologies in order to solve the challenges of the energy crisis and climate change. Solar heating technology is a feasible solution among clean energy technologies. In real conditions such complex systems often suffer from different kinds of technical failures and deviations reducing the system performance. This paper focuses on the challenges of a solar district heating system at high latitudes, proposes an optimized solution and investigates the influence of possible failures in planning, implementation and operation phase. The configuration proposed is a heat pump connected between two tanks, using solar-charged borehole storage to directly charge the lower temperature tank. Dynamic simulations were performed and a multi-objective optimization was carried out. The impact of the considered system solutions on the renewable energy fraction, purchased electricity and investment cost as a function of demand, solar thermal and photovoltaic areas, tanks and borehole volumes have been evaluated. The influence of 10 different technical failures was investigated. The study showed that in the optimized system, the most serious faults were i) de-stratification of the storage tanks (23-35% increase in annual purchased electricity) ii) on-off instead of variable speed control of the solar circulation pump (1-22% increase) and iii) reduction in heat pump performance (7-21%). These numbers of course depend on the initial assumptions, but still they show the magnitude of performance reduction some failures can achieve. Therefore, these parameters need to be considered during the implementation of such a system.

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Section: Btesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Btesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of technical failures on the performance of an optimized community-size solar heating system in Nordic conditions

Rehman

Hirvonen

Sirén

2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…These plants are often operating as base load power producers and can supply heat and electricity at a cost-efficient level during summer and winter due to funding through the CHP production law (KWKG) [3]. In addition to the availability of low-cost heat, high and very high system temperatures in the DH systems also prevented solar heat generating systems [4]. In the example cases of the DH system in Chemnitz and Salzburg, only a large change in the system structure in one district made a change feasible [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the availability of low-cost heat, high and very high system temperatures in the DH systems also prevented solar heat generating systems [4]. In the example cases of the DH system in Chemnitz and Salzburg, only a large change in the system structure in one district made a change feasible [4,5]. Possibilities of including solar collector systems in existing DH networks that are not about to change radically and are using large scale CHP plants as a main heat source were rarely analysed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Solar Thermal Systems in Existing District Heating Systems

Winterscheid

Dalenbäck

Höller

2016

Proceedings of EuroSun2016

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a b s t r a c tThe integration of large solar heating systems in district heating (DH) networks with large combined heat and power (CHP) plants is rarely considered. This is often due to low costs for heat but also due to subsidies for the electricity by CHP plants. Possible changes in subsidies and requirements in the reduction of fossil fuel based CO 2 emissions raise an awareness of improving the operational flexibility of fossil fuelled CHP plants. This paper provides a rather simple but detailed methodology of including large solar heating systems in an existing district heating system, where heat is supplied by a large CHP plant. It uses hourly data of load and temperature patterns as well as radiation data and collector efficiency data to determine collector field size and storage size. The possibility of largely independent operation of subnetworks is analysed, which allows different system temperatures. It is demonstrated that a sub-network can operate without a back-up boiler and that both network parts benefit from the interaction.

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“…Reiter et al [17] proposed a 500,000 m² solar district heating plant for the whole city of Graz, Austria. Urbaneck et al [18] found a solar fraction of about 10 % can be reached easily from technical and economic points of view based on conventional district heating (DH) systems in east Germany. In addition, Bauer et al [19] found that solar district heating systems together with seasonal storage with solar fraction above 50% are technological and economic viability in a Germany project.…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-scale solar district heating plants in Danish smart thermal grid: Developments and recent trends

Tian

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2019

Energy Conversion and Management

143

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Large solar collector fields are very popular in district heating system in Denmark, even though the solar radiation source is not favourable at high latitudes compared to many other regions. Business models for large solar heating plants in Denmark has attracted much attention worldwide. Denmark is not only the biggest country in both total installed capacities and numbers of large solar district heating plants, but also is the first and only country with commercial market-driven solar district heating plants. By the end of 2017, more than 1.3 million m 2 solar district heating plants are in operation in Denmark. Furthermore, more than 70 % of the large solar district heating plants worldwide are constructed in Denmark. Based on the case of Denmark, this study reviews the development of large solar district heating plants in Denmark since 2006. Success factors for Danish experiences was summarized and discussed. Novel design concepts of large solar district heating plants are also addressed to clarify the future development trend. Potential integration of large solar district heating plants with other renewable energy technologies are discussed. This paper can provide references to potential countries that want to exploit the market for solar district heating plants. Policymakers can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of solar district heating systems in the national energy planning level based on the know-how and experiences from Denmark.

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Solar District Heating in East Germany – Transformation in a Cogeneration Dominated City

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of technical failures on the performance of an optimized community-size solar heating system in Nordic conditions

Influence of technical failures on the performance of an optimized community-size solar heating system in Nordic conditions

Integration of Solar Thermal Systems in Existing District Heating Systems

Large-scale solar district heating plants in Danish smart thermal grid: Developments and recent trends

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