Solar Desalination

Lienhard, John H.; Antar, Mohamed A.; Bilton, Amy M.; Blanco, J.; Zaragoza, Guillermo

doi:10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.2012004659

Cited by 96 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Leinhard et al [8] discussed on the performance of the solar stills can be improved by increasing energy input and evaporative surface area, and lowering condenser surface temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Developed Solar Still for Increment in Efficiency and Rate of Distillate

Kumbhar¹,

Sonage²

2019

IJHT

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The purity of water has become a very important aspect now-a-days by virtue of diminishing and polluted fresh water sources and increased ground water contamination levels due to arsenics and fluorides. Whilst many technological solutions of purification being invented; the most effective and cheapest method worldwide is only beendistillation, which yields about 99-99.7 % pure water. Solar distillation is the best way in terms of availability of energy, as solar energy is freely available throughout the year. But the other distillation processes require high energy to be produced by either burning fuel or at the expense of electricity. Thus solar distills are better than any other means. Over the years, the efficiency of solar stills has been reached to 32-35% and rate of distillate to 2-2.5 litres. An effort has been made for the improvement in design of stills by incorporating the reflectors and phase change material (PCM) for energy storage. The experimental investigations proved that the efficiency of the solar still raised up to 42 % and rate of distillate to 4 litres.

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“…Leinhard et al [8] discussed on the performance of the solar stills can be improved by increasing energy input and evaporative surface area, and lowering condenser surface temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Developed Solar Still for Increment in Efficiency and Rate of Distillate

Kumbhar¹,

Sonage²

2019

IJHT

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“…Schematic diagram of a work-driven desalination system [Ref. 2] Water shortage has become a noteworthy issue in many part of the world. Evaporated water from sources is caused by increasing in global temperature, by which it leads unescapably reducing in drinkable water amount, hence perversely growing in fresh water need and if safety measures not used then difficulty would possibly threat us in future [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 shows the process for the desalination system. Over the past era, in many parts of the world, conventional water production costs have been rising and costs for desalination have been abating, subsequently desalination has turned out to be all the more financially appealing and competitive [1,2].The lack of water is usually depicted in volumetric or absolute terms. The most scarcity studies focus on how the 'problem' of scarcity is raised, therefore to overcome this issue the first step is heating of an air stream by using solar energy for heating of an air stream and in the next step to seawater adding into the hot air in imperative to moisten, then final step is a humid air cooling providing potable water as a condensate.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Different Techniques for Separation of Brackish Water

Rani¹,

Suresh²,

Kumar³

2018

Asian J. Chem.

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Desalination is a convenient process to develope a fresh water supply in coastal areas. Reverse osmosis and conventional thermal distillation can be used for implementing the large-scale seawater desalination. Desalination is the process in which fresh water is formed from seawater or brackish water by removing dissolved salt, to make it suitable for human consumption. A high yield of disposable water is manufactured by the desalination process. Desalination permits a widening in the utilization of existing water sources by manufacturing freshwater from briny water sources. Fig. 1 shows the process for the desalination system. Over the past era, in many parts of the world, conventional water production costs have been rising and costs for desalination have been abating, subsequently desalination has turned out to be all the more financially appealing and competitive [1,2].The lack of water is usually depicted in volumetric or absolute terms. The most scarcity studies focus on how the 'problem' of scarcity is raised, therefore to overcome this issue the first step is heating of an air stream by using solar energy for heating of an air stream and in the next step to seawater adding into the hot air in imperative to moisten, then final step is a humid air cooling providing potable water as a condensate. The conventional technique for seawater desalination is to vapourize salty water and afterward condense the rising vapour being free of salt. Using fossil fuels as an energy source, these desalination plants are planned as multi-stage evaporator plants. This technique is the foundation for a day-to-day production of million cubic meters of water. This review is focused on the performance analysis of different techniques such as multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, vapour-compression distillation, solar humidification, electrodialysis reversal, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, forward osmosis, solar desalination for separation of brackish water. Based on literature discussion with their remarks from different techniques, solar desalination has achieved 87 % of efficiency and lower the total dissolved solids content as 40 ppm. Moreover, cost of distilled water per liter $ 0.029 from solar desalination plant. With this advantages, solar desalination has more attractive technique while compare to other towards better future and balanced eco-system.

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“…The performance of most membrane distillation configurations is dominated by heat and mass transfer resistances in a gap between the membrane and condensing surface [8]. The process itself is essentially a flat-plate counter-current heat exchanger of the same feed fluid, where in between the two channels is a membrane and surface for condensation [9][10][11][12]. The gap between the membrane and condensation surface is filled with air in the case of air-gap membrane distillation, which is one of the most common configurations and the most efficient at high salinities [1,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%