Solar (actinic) keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma

Ackerman, A. Bernard; Mones, Joan M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.07121.x

Cited by 204 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our results shown that actinic keratosis exhibits lower expression of all three proteins tested as compared to the three malignancies. This finding is consistent with previous studies and supports that actinic keratosis is not a malignant lesion although a potentially malignant disorder (5,(7)(8)(9)38,39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Expression of c-myc, bcl-2 and survivin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis

Rungsiyanont¹,

Swasdison²,

Chang³

2010

Tanz. Dent. J.

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Rungsiyanont S, Swasdison S and Chang PL. Expression of c-myc, bcl-2 and survivin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. Tanz Dent J 2010, 16 (1):3-8. AbstractGenes involved in apoptosis are important and over expression of these genes are thought to contribute to carcinogenesis. Aim: to evaluate the expression of anti-apoptotic factors in a series of epithelial malignancies and actinic keratosis using immunohistochemistry. Design: Laboratory microscopy of stained biopsy specimen. Materials and methods: Sections of specimens diagnosed as cutaneous-SCCs (CSCC), oral-SCCs (OSCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK) were stained by using c-myc, bcl-2 and survivin antibodies. Results: In AK, c-myc expression was found in the nuclei of epithelium mostly in basal cell layers. In BCC, CSCC and OSCC, c-myc expression was found in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic regions of the tumor cells. Among all the cancer tissues, OSCC showed the strongest positive staining for c-myc. The expression of bcl-2 and survivin in AK were also found mostly as nuclear staining in the basal cell layer areas, while in the other cancer tissues, positive staining were found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the tumor cell. Conclusion: c-myc expressions correspond to the survivin expressions. c-myc expression was stronger in OSCC than in CSCC and BCC, and weaker in AK than in other malignant tumors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Expression of c-myc, bcl-2 and survivin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis

Rungsiyanont¹,

Swasdison²,

Chang³

2010

Tanz. Dent. J.

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“…[10][11][12] Although most accept this model of multistep carcinogenesis, there are some that believe that actinic keratosis is the same as squamous cell carcinoma and not a precursor lesion. 3,4 This assertion is supported by one cDNA microarray study that showed no differentially expressed genes between actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. 7 However, our data using the most sophisticated DNA microarray to date profiling over 47 000 genes revealed that actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma each has its own unique molecular signature and are therefore, distinct entities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…2 Although actinic keratosis is widely regarded as a neoplastic lesion that is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma, some believe actinic keratosis is actually squamous cell carcinoma and should be treated as such. 3,4 However, there is a consensus that differentiating between actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma is important, as there are prognostic differences and treatment implications for the patient.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular discrimination of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from actinic keratosis and normal skin

Hui

Binder

2011

Modern Pathology

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Actinic keratosis is widely believed to be a neoplastic lesion and a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. However, there has been some debate as to whether actinic keratosis is in fact actually squamous cell carcinoma and should be treated as such. As the clinical management and prognosis of patients is widely held to be different for each of these lesions, our goal was to identify unique gene signatures using DNA microarrays to discriminate among normal skin, actinic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma, and examine the molecular pathways of carcinogenesis involved in the progression from normal skin to squamous cell carcinoma. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of skin: five normal skins (pooled), six actinic keratoses, and six squamous cell carcinomas were retrieved. The RNA was extracted and amplified. The labeled targets were hybridized to the Affymetrix human U133plus2.0 array and the acquisition and initial quantification of array images were performed using the GCOS (Affymetrix). The subsequent data analyses were performed using DNA-Chip Analyzer and Partek Genomic Suite 6.4. Significant differential gene expression (42 fold change, Po0.05) was seen with 382 differentially expressed genes between squamous cell carcinoma and normal skin, 423 differentially expressed genes between actinic keratosis and normal skin, and 9 differentially expressed genes between actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. The differentially expressed genes offer the possibility of using DNA microarrays as a molecular diagnostic tool to distinguish between normal skin, actinic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the differentially expressed genes and their molecular pathways could be potentially used as prognostic markers or targets for future therapeutic innovations.

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“…12 Em muitos casos, somente a análise histológica não revela o verdadeiro comportamento dessas lesões, podendo ser subestimadas clinicamente, quanto ao seu tratamento e acompanhamento. 13 É importante que o patologista contribua com informações adicionais, de valor prognóstico para o clínico. Identificar o exato momento em que a neoplasia, contida na epiderme, adquire a capacidade de invadir membrana basal, entra na derme e torna-se potencialmente capaz de dar metástases, não sendo possível, apenas em base histológica.…”

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“…3,4,7,13 Neste estudo, comparamos a expressão de imunomarcadores envolvidos no processo de carcinogê-nese: p53 e Bcl-2 (apoptose) e Ki-67 e PCNA (proliferação celular), em indivíduos portadores de CA e CEC, com controles negativos representados por pele livre de tumor de pálpebra superior, nos indivíduos submetidos à blefaroplastia.…”

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Expressão de marcadores de proliferação celular e apoptose no carcinoma espinocelular de pele e ceratose actínica

Dornelas

Rodrigues²,

Machado³

et al. 2009

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Resumo: FUNDAMENTOS: O câncer de pele é o mais frequente tipo de câncer humano e mostra aumento de sua incidência. Em muitos casos, antes do surgimento do carcinoma, instala-se uma lesão precursora, ceratose actínica, podendo evoluir para carcinoma espinocelular. Estudos buscam determinar os parâmetros com significado prognóstico na predição daqueles tumores que terão comportamento mais agressivo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a expressão dos marcadores de proliferação celular (PCNA, Ki-67) e apoptose (p53, Bcl-2), em portadores de carcinoma espinocelular e ceratose actínica. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas amostras de 30 pacientes: sendo dez portadores do carcinoma espinocelular; dez de ceratose actínica e dez indivíduos livres de lesões submetidos à blefaroplastia. RESULTADOS: A proteína p53 foi expressa em todos os casos estudados, embora apresentassem padrões quantitativos diferentes. O Bcl-2 foi expresso em baixa intensidade. Em seis casos de ceratose actínica, nas peles de blefaroplastia, e negativo nos casos de carcinoma espinocelular. O PCNA exibiu expressão intensa, em todas as amostras. O Ki-67 apresentou expressão variável, nos casos de carcinoma e de ceratose, e negativo na pele de pálpebra. CONCLUSÃO: A expressão do Ki-67 e a não-expressão de Bcl-2, no grupo CEC, indica intensificação da atividade proliferativa. Ao passo que, a maior expressão de p53 e Bcl-2, no grupo CA, sugere imortalização celular. Palavras-chave: Apoptose; Carcinoma de células escamosas; Ceratose; Imuno-histoquímica; Proliferação de células Abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most frequent type of human cancer and has shown an increase in its incidence. In many cases, before the onset of the carcinoma, there might be a precursor lesion -actinic keratosis, which can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. Studies have been carried out in order to determine the parameters that have prognostic significance in predicting those tumors which have more aggressive behavior. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of markers of cell proliferation (PCNA, Ki-67) and apoptosis (p53,Bcl-2) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. METHOD: We studied samples from 30 patients, ten patients of squamous cell carcinoma, ten with actinic keratosis and ten lesion-free samples from blepharoplasty. RESULTS: p53 protein was expressed in all cases with different quantitative patterns. Bcl-2 was expressed at low intensity in six cases of actinic keratosis in the skin from blepharoplasty and negative in cases of squamous cell carcinoma. PCNA showed intense expression in all samples. Ki-67 showed variable expression in cases of keratosis and carcinoma and negative in the skin from the eyelid. CONCLUSION: The high expression of Ki-67 associated with low expression of Bcl-2 indicates proliferation in the carcinoma group. Thus, expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in patients with actinic keratosis indicates cell immortalization.

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Solar (actinic) keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma

Cited by 204 publications

References 37 publications

Expression of c-myc, bcl-2 and survivin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis

Expression of c-myc, bcl-2 and survivin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis

Molecular discrimination of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from actinic keratosis and normal skin

Expressão de marcadores de proliferação celular e apoptose no carcinoma espinocelular de pele e ceratose actínica

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