Solanum Betaceum Improves Cognitive Function by Decreasing N-Methyl-D-Aspartate on Alzheimer Rats Model

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Solanum betaceum towards cognitive function, i.e. memory, and the level of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and brain derived neurothropic factor (BDNF) as a drug candidate therapy for Alzheimer rats model.Methods: Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups (K0, K1, P1, P2 and P3). Four groups (K1, P1, P2 and P3) of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) rats were induced by aluminum chloride with dose 2 g/L for 21 days period and three groups (P1, P2 and P3) in 22th day administered parallellywith 100 mg/kg b.w/day; 200 mg/kg b.w/day; and 400 mg/kg b.w/day of S. betaceum respectively for14 days. The level of NMDAR and BDNF wasmeasured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, whereas memory was measured by the Morris water maze test.Results: S. betaceum administration increased cognitive function significantly (p=0.037) of AD induced-rats by decreasing the time to reach the targetof Morris water maze and maintaining the low levels of NMDAR significantly (p=0.006), but the level of BDNF did not increase significantly (p=0.346).These results indicated that ethanol extracts of S. betaceum could decrease brain NMDAR and increase cognitive function by promote better memoryfunction but did not significant increased the level of BDNF in AD-induced rats.Conclusion: This study revealed that the treatment of AD-induced rats with S. betaceum extracts significantly improve memory function and decreasethe level of NMDAR.

Penyakit Parkinson: Tinjauan Tentang Salah Satu Penyakit Neurodegeneratif yang Paling Umum

“…Sekitar 1 juta orang Amerika saat ini mengidap penyakit tersebut, di mana terdapat 20 kasus per 100.000 orang per tahun dengan total sejumlah 60.000 pasien dengan PP per tahun, 2 namun masih tidak sebanyak penyakit Alzheimer yang dihadapi oleh 5 juta orang Amerika. 3 Obat untuk mengendalikan gejala yang timbul akibat PP bervariasi pada tiap pasien sehingga tidak ada satu obat pasti yang menjadi pilihan. Hal ini mungkin karena alasan nonklinis seperti latar belakang sosial ekonomi dan ras.…”

Anti-Alzheimer’s and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Compounds Isolated from Solanum Mauritianum

“…Finally, although there are no reports on S. mauritianum and its effect against AD, there are reports on extracts of Solanum gilo, Solanum kumba, and Solanum aethiopicum that modulate the activities of enzymes in purinergic, monoaminergic, and cholinergic systems associated with AD-like symptoms, with an IC 50 between 10-15 μg/mL [33]. Reports on the ethanol extract from S. betaceum show a positive effect in the cognitive function of rats fed with doses between 100-400 mg/kg b.w., causing a decrease of levels of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor [20]. Moreover, there are reports on the MeOH extract of Solanum virginianum showing memory-enhancing effects on rats fed with doses between 25-100 mg/ kg b.w.…”

“…Its extracts are obtained from different parts, such as leaves, stems, bark, and roots, and have been used in the ethnomedicine of different cultures [17]. Different compounds with anti-Alzheimer activity have been isolated from these species, e. g., Solanum asperum [18], Solanum nigrum, Solanum macrocarpon [19], and Solanum betaceum [20].…”

Review on Evaluating the Role of Nsaids for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

“…During the study, the participants experienced adverse events like gastrointestinal side effects. Despite these adverse effects the daily use of Celecoxib ameliorates cognitive functioning [35] and improves the prefrontal regional glucose metabolism. The study concluded that NSAIDs may have the ability to improve the cognitive functions in people with somewhat mild age-related cognitive complaints possibly before the neurological changes arise [36].…”