Background: Dementia is the global deterioration of the individual’s intellectual, emotional and cognitive faculties in a state of normal consciousness. Dementia impacts personal, family and societal life. It reduces life span, induces caregiver’s strain at family level and over utilizes health care facility. This study was aimed at describing the risk factors attributing to dementing disorders for developing preventive measures to slow down the incidence of dementia. Methods: The study was conducted in geriatrics OPD of a tertiary hospital in South India. A total of 50 dementia patients and 50 controls aged more than 65 years were selected for the study in a period of 6 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: 40% in the age group of 65-74 years, 61% in the age group of 75-84 years and 63.6% in the age >85 years had dementia. 43.5% of males and 55.5% of females had dementia. Multivariate analysis was done to find out the independent predictors of dementia. Among the morbidities dyslipidemia 3.93 (1.12-13.87) and COPD/bronchial asthma 4.57 (1.02-20.55), less than 5 days of fruit consumption 14.98 (38-59), hearing loss 4.67 (1.15-18.91) were found to be independent risk factors for dementia. Living alone was found to be a protective factor 0.029 (0.003-0.29). Conclusions: Our study reported various risk factors of dementia that were in agreement with findings from other studies conducted in India. Avoidable risk factors such as living alone, fruit intake and control of comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and COPD/bronchial asthma needs more attention in old age group.
Gall bladder distension with acute viral acalculous cholecystitis is a rare event in pediatric cases with a high incidence of perforation, gallbladder necrosis and mortality. We report a two and a half year old female child presenting with fever, vomiting, pain abdomen, mild hepatosplenomegaly and tenderness in right hypochondrium. Laboratory investigations revealed hyperbilirubinemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase, but there was no evidence of bacterial or parasitic infection. Serology for viral hepatitis suggested acute Hepatitis A infection. Ultrasonographically, distended inflamed gallbladder without calculous was observed. Finally acute acalculous cholecystitis due to Hepatitis A virus was diagnosed and the child responded to the conservative management.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder. Phosphodiesterase is a family of 1-11 among which PDE4 is most predominant enzymes present in inflammatory cells. Commercially available drugs are synthetic, and these may cause various side effects and are expensive. Dimethyl fumarate is the most frequently used systematic treatment for psoriasis with significant side effects such as myelosuppression, hepatic fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Immune compromise drugs having various side effects, so this project is aimed to propose a novel drug that has more potency, efficiency and least side effects. The docking analysis was carried out to identify the best ligands by predicting the ligand conformation in the active protein sites and ligand binding affinity towards protein. Ligands were docked with the proteins, and all exhibited higher docking score than the standard drug dimethyl fumarate. The TNF- α inhibitors with PDB id such as 2ZJC, 2ZPX and PDE4 Inhibitors with PDB ID such as 3SL3, 1PTW are selected as target proteins, acridone had the best docking score of 19.3502 than standard value 12.997, and with PDB ID 3SL3, acridone showed 26.025 as docking score over the standard value 21.995. it interacted well with the active sites of the proteins. Thus, we infer that these studies will be a leader, in designing new and improved drug target for psoriatic therapy.
Objective: Lipid profile is traditionally measured after twelve hours of fasting. Measurement of lipid profile after ten hours fasting state would be more convenient, particularly in diabetic subjects. This study was done to evaluate the extent of alteration of serum lipid profile parameters in relation to time since the last meal in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Sixty subjects diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Ten and twelve hours fasting lipid profile were measured accordingly. Results: Mean serum fasting total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at ten hours were 186.45±44.05 mg/dL, 45.28±12.25 mg/dL, 112.38±35.28 mg/d respectively and at 12 hours were 185.90±45.61 mg/dL, 45.03±12.44 mg/dL, 112.07±36.91 mg/dL respectively with no statistically significant difference (P=0.61, 0.47 and 0.69 respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between median (interquartile range) triglycerides (TG) levels of 143(96-214) mg/dL and 150(103-226) mg/dL at 10 th and 12 th hours respectively (P=0.57). Conclusions: Ten hours fasting lipid profile was comparable to twelve hours fasting lipid profile without any significant difference. Therefore, this study concluded that fasting lipid profile after 10 hours since last meal may be recommended.
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