Sol-Gel Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide

Ullattil, Sanjay Gopal; Periyat, Pradeepan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50144-4_9

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Among a wide variety of metal oxides, TiO 2 is a promising material for many emerging applications, such as gas sensors [1,2], dye-sensitized solar cells [3,4], photocatalysis [5] and gate insulators in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors [6]. The characteristics of TiO 2 thin films prepared by sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition or sputtering have been extensively studied [7][8][9][10]. Fujishima et al reviewed the properties of TiO 2 prepared by various methods, the fundamentals of photocatalysts, as well as applications [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Titanium Oxide and Its Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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In this study, spatial atomic layer deposition (sALD) is employed to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films by using titanium tetraisopropoxide and water as metal and water precursors, respectively. The post-annealing temperature is varied to investigate its effect on the properties of the TiO2 films. The experimental results show that the sALD TiO2 has a similar deposition rate per cycle to other ALD processes using oxygen plasma or ozone oxidant, implying that the growth is limited by titanium tetraisopropoxide steric hindrance. The structure of the as-deposited sALD TiO2 films is amorphous and changes to polycrystalline anatase at the annealing temperature of 450 °C. All the sALD TiO2 films have a low absorption coefficient at the level of 10−3 cm−1 at wavelengths greater than 500 nm. The annealing temperatures of 550 °C are expected to have a high compactness, evaluated by the refractive index and x-ray photoelectron spectrometer measurements. Finally, the 550 °C-annealed sALD TiO2 film with a thickness of ~8 nm is applied to perovskite solar cells as a compact electron transport layer. The significantly enhanced open-circuit voltage and conversion efficiency demonstrate the great potential of the sALD TiO2 compact layer in perovskite solar cell applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Titanium Oxide and Its Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…It continues with polycondensation, which take place after the addition of a small amount of water and leads to the formation of a polymer chain and therefore of the gel-type material. Following this, a thermal process, most often in stages, removes the liquid phase from the gel and a powder is obtained [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]. There are several processing options after obtaining the sol, depending on the type of deposition to be made.…”

Section: Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another way of processing the sol, as it can be seen in Figure 2 , is the one characteristic of this method: gelation, evaporation (obtaining a xerogel or an aerogel), followed by a heat treatment at high temperatures to obtain a material as dense as possible. There are also processing methods that skip the gel phase, such as precipitating the sol or making fibers by electrospinning [ 78 , 80 , 81 ].…”

Section: Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows the advantages and disadvantages of the sol-gel synthesis method [ 70 , 80 , 82 ]. Whatever the sol-gel synthesis option chosen, among the advantages of this method are: control of the reactions involved in the synthesis and obtaining materials with homogeneity, even in systems with a large number of components [ 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Synthesis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis Methods of Obtaining Materials for Hydrogen Sensors

Constantinoiu

Viespe

2021

Sensors

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The development of hydrogen sensors has acquired a great interest from researchers for safety in fields such as chemical industry, metallurgy, pharmaceutics or power generation, as well as due to hydrogen’s introduction as fuel in vehicles. Several types of sensors have been developed for hydrogen detection, including resistive, surface acoustic wave, optical or conductometric sensors. The properties of the material of the sensitive area of the sensor are of great importance for establishing its performance. Besides the nature of the material, an important role for its final properties is played by the synthesis method used and the parameters used during the synthesis. The present paper highlights recent results in the field of hydrogen detection, obtained using four of the well-known synthesis and deposition methods: sol-gel, co-precipitation, spin-coating and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Sensors with very good results have been achieved by these methods, which gives an encouraging perspective for their use in obtaining commercial hydrogen sensors and their application in common areas for society.

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“…Figura 1.5. Tipos de variaciones y productos en el proceso sol-gel usando solventes inorgánicos Fuente: (Ullattil & Periyat, 2017) Proceso 1: Se realiza una fase de hidrólisis, donde se sintetiza un sol a partir de la condensación parcial de las partículas metálicas que reaccionan en presencia de agua o de algún solvente que proporciona el oxígeno necesario (para la formación de óxidos), como alcoholes, cetonas u otros metales. El resultado de las reacciones depende de factores como la electronegatividad de los reactantes y solventes, además de la óxido-reducción (ganancia y pérdida de electrones), que finalmente influye en el grado de condensación (Danks, Hall, & Schnepp, 2016).…”

Section: Principio De Funcionamiento Químico De Síntesis Sol-gelunclassified

Construcción e implementación de equipos de depósito químico usando las técnicas: Depósito químico de vapor asistido por aerosol (AACVD) y Sol –Gel por inmersión

Muñoz¹,

Rodríguez²,

Bedoya³

2020

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En éste libro presentamos y compartimos la experiencia del Grupo GIMM de la UTP para el desarrollo propio de equipos de depósito químico usando dos tecnologías: la de depósito químico de vapor asistida por aerosol (AACVD por sus siglas en inglés) y la técnica Sol-gel por inmersión, demostrando la posibilidad real de desarrollo y apropiación de estas dos técnicas en beneficio de la mejora tecnológica del grupo, y que es también puesta a la disposición de la sociedad académica e industrial de la región cafetera para cubrir una necesidad faltante hasta hace unos cuantos años.

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Sol-Gel Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide

Cited by 52 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Titanium Oxide and Its Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Titanium Oxide and Its Application in Perovskite Solar Cells

Synthesis Methods of Obtaining Materials for Hydrogen Sensors

Construcción e implementación de equipos de depósito químico usando las técnicas: Depósito químico de vapor asistido por aerosol (AACVD) y Sol –Gel por inmersión

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