Sol–Gel Synthesis and Characterization of YSZ Nanofillers for Dental Cements at Different Temperatures

Abstract

Background: Yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles can be applied as fillers to improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of luting cement. The aim of this study was to synthesize yttria-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles by the sol–gel method and to investigate their composition, structure, morphology and biological properties. Methods: Nanopowders of ZrO2 7 wt% Y2O3 (nY-ZrO) were synthesized by the sol–gel method and were sintered at three different temperatures: 800, 1000 and 1200 °C, and their composition, size and morphology were investigated. The biocompatibility was investigated with human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), while reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated through fluorescence analysis. Results: All synthesized materials were composed of tetragonal zirconia, while nanopowders sintered at 800 °C and 1000 °C additionally contained 5 and 20 wt% of the cubic phase. By increasing the calcination temperature, the crystalline size of the nanoparticles increased from 12.1 nm for nY-ZrO800 to 47.2 nm for nY-ZrO1200. Nano-sized particles with good dispersion and low agglomeration were received. Cell culture studies with human gingival fibroblasts verified the nanopowders’ biocompatibility and their ROS scavenging activity. Conclusions: the obtained sol–gel derived nanopowders showed suitable properties to be potentially used as nanofillers for dental luting cement.

Preparation and Characterization of Fibrous Alumina and Zirconia Toughened Alumina Ceramics with Gradient Porosity

“…To stabilize ZrO 2 in the tetragonal crystal structure and take advantage of the well-known phase transformation toughening mechanism, an additional stabilizing component is required. The most used additions are yttria and ceria; 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ), as well as 16 mol% CeO 2 -stabilized ZrO 2 (CSZ) show outstanding mechanical properties [ 34 ], and both are good candidates for reinforcing material for the Al 2 O 3 matrix with several applications [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Each additive, however, has some drawbacks, which makes it questionable in terms of correct/safe applications.…”

Utilization of Nanomaterials In Prosthetic Dental Treatment

“…The sol-gel method is a popular method for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles and allows for the production of homogeneous and versatile products using a controllable chemical reaction. Hydrothermal synthesis is a method performed under high temperature and pressure, and it is considered a suitable option for obtaining products with a crystalline structure (14). The precipitation method, on the other hand, is used to obtain nanoparticles synthesized by precipitating inorganic substances in solution and is particularly preferred for obtaining products with high purity and in large quantities (15).…”

Influence of Novel SrTiO3/MnO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Thermal and Mechanical Behavior

“…Obviously, applying multiple reinforcements within the same polymer matrix brings more benefits than using individual fillers. Additionally, hybrid particles can enable the enhancement of biocompatibility and bioactivity, as shown by Beketova et al in the investigation of the ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 system [ 34 ].…”