Sol–gel based synthesis and biological properties of zinc integrated nano bioglass ceramics for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

Bone is a flexible and electro active tissue that is vulnerable to various traumatic injuries. The self-healing of damaged bone tissue towards reconstruction is limited due to the lack of proper niche compliances. Nevertheless, the classical grafting techniques like autograft/allograft for bone repair pose challenges like bacterial infections and donor-site morbidity with unsatisfactory outcomes. The use of appropriate biomaterial with osteogenic potential can meet these challenges. In this regard, bioactive glass ceramics is widely used as a bone filler or graft material because of its bonding affinity to bone leading towards bone reconstruction applications without the challenge of post implant infections. Hence, the current study is aimed at addressing this potentiality of zinc (Zn) for doped the bioglass at nano-scale advantages for bone tissue repair. Since, Zn has been demonstrated to have not only antibacterial property but also the stimulatory effect on osteoblasts differentiation, mineralization by enhancing the osteogenic genes expression. In view of these, the present study is focused on sol–gel synthesis and pysico-chemical characterization of Zinc-doped bioglass nanoparticles (Zn-nBGC) and also analyzing its biological implications. The surface morphological and physiochemical characterizations using SEM, EDX, FT-IR and XRD analysis has shown the increased surface area of Zn-nBGC particles providing a great platform for biomolecular interaction, cytocompatibility, cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The obtaining hydroxy apatite groups have initiated in vitro mineralization towards osteogenic lineage formation. Zn has not only involved in enhancing cellular actions but also strengthen the ceramic nanoparticles towards antibacterial application. Hence the finding suggests a biomaterial synthesis of better biomaterial for bone tissue engineering application by preventing post-operative bacterial infection.

Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes

“…The essential role played by Zn 2+ ions in cell behavior, modulating cell signaling, has attracted increasing attention in the biomedical field, particularly for regenerative-medicine applications and wound healing [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In addition, Zn +2 presents antimicrobial activity, both as an antibacterial and antifungal agent [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Suitability of Chitosan Scaffolds with Carbon Nanotubes for Bone Defects Treated with Photobiomodulation

“…The treatment of bone injuries is still a challenge [ 36 ] for regenerative medicine, and, thus, there is a need to manufacture biomaterials and improve treatment protocols that enable bone replacement quickly and safely [ 37 ], overcoming the limitations of conventional techniques of autograft and allograft, which can lead to unwanted infections and donor site morbidity [ 38 ]. However, some factors must be considered in the formulation of these products, such as their biocompatibility, surface type and porosity, mechanical strength, physical-chemical and biological composition, and the three-dimensional arrangement that allows osteoconduction [ 39 ].…”

Effects of Zinc, Magnesium, and Iron Ions on Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Paramita et al found that integration of zinc ions could promote the osteoconductive properties as compared to the pure nano-bioglass ceramics particles. 51 Westhauser et al reported that doping of ionic dissolution products in 5 Zn-MBG nanoparticles not only upregulated the expression of OPN and OCN but also significantly increased extracellular matrix calcification and collagen production. 52 Khader and Arinzeh demonstrated that addition of 1 and 2.5 wt % ZnO nanoparticles increased the gene expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers such as SOX-9, aggrecan, chondroadherin, and collagen type II, while the addition of 5 and 10 wt % ZnO nanoparticles promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evident by enhanced ALP activity, collagen production, and the expression of osteogenic markers.…”

“…Zinc ions are also known to facilitate osteogenesis. Paramita et al found that integration of zinc ions could promote the osteoconductive properties as compared to the pure nanobioglass ceramics particles . Westhauser et al reported that doping of ionic dissolution products in 5 Zn-MBG nanoparticles not only upregulated the expression of OPN and OCN but also significantly increased extracellular matrix calcification and collagen production .…”