Soils of the tropical forests of Leyte, Philippines II: Impact of different land uses on status of organic matter and nutrient availability

Asio, Victor; Jahn, Reinhold; Stahr, Karl; Margraf, Josef

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03649-5_4

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Leyte has a 'type IV' climate based on the Coronas Classification of Climate . According to Aurelio (2000) the whole island is formed from tectonic movement and plate convergence that started during the Tertiary and Quaternary age (Asio et al, 1998). The island enjoys relatively even distribution of rainfall throughout the year with an annual rainfall of about 4,000 mm ).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forest cover on the island is about 10%, although the once dipterocarp-rich rainforests now comprise mainly patches of old-growth and primary forests, and coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Abaca (Musa textilis) plantations (Asio et al, 1998). The relatively flat lowlands of the island are being used for agricultural crop production, especially rice (Oryza sativa) and corn (Zea mays) (Asio et al, 1998). Leyte Island was formed from tectonic movement and plate convergence which started during the tertiary and quaternary age (Aurelio, 2000; Asio et al, 1998).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conducted our study in Barangay 1 Gaas in Ormoc city -located in the west part of the plantations (Asio et al, 1998). The relatively flat lowlands of the island are used for agricultural production, mainly corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) (Asio et al, 1998).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively flat lowlands of the island are used for agricultural production, mainly corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) (Asio et al, 1998). There have been many attempts at to support reforestation in Leyte and there are numerous smallholder and community forests scattered across the island, including 'rainforestation plantings' designed to reduced kaingin activity in the Philippines (see Nguyen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relatively flat lowlands of the island are being used for agricultural crop production, especially rice (Oryza sativa) and corn (Zea mays) (Asio et al, 1998). Leyte Island was formed from tectonic movement and plate convergence which started during the tertiary and quaternary age (Aurelio, 2000; Asio et al, 1998). Based on the Coronas Classification of Climate, Leyte has a 'type IV' climate with two distinct season .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifting cultivation in the upland secondary forests of the Philippines: biodiversity and carbon stock assessment, and ecosystem services trade-offs in land-use decisions

Mukul¹

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Secondary forest comprises a large area in the tropical region, and it has increasingly believed that the future of tropical forests depends on the effective management of such second growth forests largely modified by human activity. In tropical secondary forests, shifting cultivation, swidden or slash-and-burn is a major land-use that has been attributed to causing large scale deforestation and forest degradation. This view has been embedded in many policy documents, although there are conflicting views within the literature as to the impact of shifting cultivation on secondary forest dynamics. This is largely due to the complex nature of this land-use that makes any generalisation difficult.In the Philippines -a country overwhelmed with rich biodiversity and species endemism, shifting cultivation is locally known as kaingin and represents a dominant land-use in upland rural areas. Although not officially recognised, it has a major contribution to the livelihoods and food security of smallholder rural farmers. After post-logging secondary forests, post-kaingin secondary forests also form the largest group of secondary forests in the Philippines. This thesis based on an empirical study where secondary forest dynamics after shifting cultivation were investigated in an upland area in the Leyte Island, the Philippines.Chapter 2 of my thesis is a synthesis that reports, spatial and temporal distribution of research on shifting cultivation using a systematic literature search protocol, and the key findings of research in conservation biology, plant ecology, soil nutrients and chemistry, and soil physics and hydrology. A bias towards research on anthropology and/or human ecology was found with most research reported from tropical Asia-Pacific region. A great variation in findings on selected forest/environmental parameters was also evident.In Chapter 3, I report a field study where tree diversity, species composition and forest structure and their recovery in secondary forests after shifting cultivation was investigated along a fallow/shifting cultivation land-use gradient. Twenty-five individual sites representing four different fallow categories and old-growth forest as control were surveyed. Tree species richness was significantly higher in the oldest fallow sites while other diversity and forest structure indices were higher in the old-growth forest sites. A homogeneous species composition was found in older fallow sites and in old-growth forest. It was found that secondary forests disturbed by shifting cultivation recovers rapidly in terms of species richness and abundance, and that patch size is a strong predictor of this recovery.Uncertainties in the aboveground biomass carbon in degraded secondary forests after shifting cultivation are one of the main issues hindering its inclusion in the current REDD+ negotiations. In Chapter 4, the distribution and recovery of biomass carbon along a fallow gradient were reported from my study sites. It was found that aboveground total biomass carbon and living iii w...

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shifting cultivation in the upland secondary forests of the Philippines: biodiversity and carbon stock assessment, and ecosystem services trade-offs in land-use decisions

Mukul¹

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Rapid recovery of tropical forest diversity and structure after shifting cultivation in the Philippines uplands

Mukul

Herbohn

Firn

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Shifting cultivation is a widespread land‐use in the tropics that is considered a major threat to rainforest diversity and structure. In the Philippines, a country with rich biodiversity and high rates of species endemism, shifting cultivation, locally termed as kaingin, is a major land‐use and has been for centuries. Despite the potential impact of shifting cultivation on forests and its importance to many people, it is not clear how biodiversity and forest structure recover after kaingin abandonment in the country, and how well these post‐kaingin secondary forests can complement the old‐growth forests. We investigated parameters of forest diversity and structure along a fallow age gradient in secondary forests regenerating after kaingin abandonment in Leyte Island, the Philippines (elevation range: 445–650 m asl). We first measured the tree diversity and forest structure indices in regenerating secondary forests and old‐growth forest. We then measured the recovery of tree diversity and forest structure parameters in relation to the old‐growth forest. Finally, using linear mixed effect models (LMM), we assessed the effect of different environmental variables on the recovery of forest diversity and structure. We found significantly higher species density in the oldest fallow sites, while Shannon’s index, species evenness, stem number, basal area, and leaf area index were higher in the old‐growth forest. A homogeneous species composition was found across the sites of older fallow age. Multivariate analysis revealed patch size as a strong predictor of tree diversity and forest structure recovery after shifting cultivation. Our study suggests that, secondary forests regenerating after shifting cultivation abandonment can recover rapidly. Although recovery of forest structure was not as rapid as the tree diversity, our older fallow sites contained a similar number of species as the old‐growth forest. Many of these species are also endemic to the Philippines. Novel and emerging ecosystems like tropical secondary forests are of high conservation importance and can act as a refuge for dwindling tropical forest biodiversity.

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Environmental Challenges in the Philippines

Boquet

2017

Springer Geography

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Soils of the tropical forests of Leyte, Philippines II: Impact of different land uses on status of organic matter and nutrient availability

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Shifting cultivation in the upland secondary forests of the Philippines: biodiversity and carbon stock assessment, and ecosystem services trade-offs in land-use decisions

Shifting cultivation in the upland secondary forests of the Philippines: biodiversity and carbon stock assessment, and ecosystem services trade-offs in land-use decisions

Rapid recovery of tropical forest diversity and structure after shifting cultivation in the Philippines uplands

Environmental Challenges in the Philippines

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