“…Cadmium ions Cd(II) can cause lesions in many major organs, including the kidney, and also cause bronchiolitis, pulmonary disease, fibrosis, and skeletal damage [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Various methods have been used for the elimination of Pb(II) and Cd(II), such as ion exchange, adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, chemical precipitation, electro-dialysis, and biological methods [ 7 , 8 ].…”