Soil salinity in Aceh after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

McLeod, Malem; Slavich, Peter G; Irhas, Y.; Moore, N. E.; Rachman, Achmad; Ali, Nasir; Iskandar, Teuku; Hunt, C.; Caniago, C.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.10.014

Cited by 56 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several studies focused on the recovery of tsunami-affected soils (e.g. Hulugalle et al 2009;McLeod et al 2010). However, relatively little attention was paid to postdepositional alteration and the preservation of the onshore tsunami deposits, while only a few systematic studies were conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The post-depositional changes of the onshore 2004 tsunami deposits on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand

Szczuciński

2011

Nat Hazards

156

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The Indian Ocean tsunami flooded the coastal zone of the Andaman Sea and left tsunami deposits with a thickness of a few millimetres to tens of centimetres over a roughly one-kilometre-wide tsunami inundation zone. The preservation potential and the post-depositional changes of the onshore tsunami deposits in the coastal plain setting, under conditions of a tropical climate with high seasonal rainfall, were assessed by reinvestigating trenches located along 13 shore-perpendicular transects; the trenches were documented shortly after the tsunami and after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years. The tsunami deposits were found preserved after 4 years at only half of the studied sites. In about 30% of the sites, the tsunami deposits were not preserved due to human activity; in a further 20% of the sites, the thin tsunami deposits were eroded or not recognised due to new soil formation. The most significant changes took place during the first rainy season when the relief of the tsunami deposits was levelled; moderate sediment redeposition took place, and fine surface sediments were washed away, which frequently left a residual layer of coarse sand and gravel. The fast recovery of new plant cover stabilised the tsunami deposits and protected them against further remobilisation during the subsequent years. After five rainy seasons, tsunami deposits with a thickness of at least a few centimetres were relatively well preserved; however, their internal structures were often significantly blurred by roots and animal bioturbation. Moreover, soil formation within the deposits caused alterations, and in the case of thin layers, it was not possible to recognise them anymore. Tsunami boulders were only slightly weathered but not moved. Among the various factors influencing the preservation potential, the thickness of the original tsunami deposits is the most important. A comparison between the first post-tsunami survey and the preserved record suggests that tsunamis with a run-up smaller than three metres are not likely to be preserved; for larger tsunamis, only about 50% of their inundation area is likely to be presented by the preserved extent of the tsunami deposits. Any modelling of paleotsunamis from their deposits must take into account post-depositional changes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The post-depositional changes of the onshore 2004 tsunami deposits on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand

Szczuciński

2011

Nat Hazards

156

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“…There is a growing body of literature showing increasing research in developing countries aimed at using such an approach to measure and map soil salinity. This includes Indonesia (McLeod et al ., ), Turkey (Cetin et al ., ), Uzbekistan (Akramkhanov et al ., ) and China (Yao & Yang, ; Guo et al ., ) where in coastal tidelands susceptibility to shallow water tables and saline soil conditions after reclamation requires knowledge for monitoring and management. In Africa, similar work has also been undertaken including South Africa (Johnston et al ., ), Senegal (Ceuppens & Wopereis, ; Barbiéro et al ., ) and Tunisia (Aragüés et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping soil salinity in 3‐dimensions using an EM38 and EM4Soil inversion modelling at the reconnaissance scale in central Morocco

Dakak¹,

Huang

Zouahri³

et al. 2017

Soil Use and Management

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Large areas of Morocco require irrigation and although good quality water is available in dams, farmers augment river water with poorer quality ground water, resulting in salt build‐up without a sufficient leaching fraction. Implementation of management plans requires baseline reconnaissance maps of salinity. We developed a method to map the distribution of salinity profiles by establishing a linear regression (LR) between calculated true electrical conductivity (σ, mS/m) and electrical conductivity of the saturated soil‐paste extract (ECe, dS/m). Estimates of σ were obtained by inverting the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, mS/m) collected from a 500‐m grid survey using an EM38. Spherical variograms were developed to interpolate ECa data onto a 100 m grid using residual maximum likelihood. Inversion was carried out on kriged ECa data using a quasi‐3d model (EM4Soil software), selecting the cumulative function (CF) forward modelling and S2 inversion algorithm with a damping factor of 3.0. Using a ‘leave‐one‐out cross‐validation' (LOOCV), of one in 12 of the calibration sites, the use of the q‐3d model yielded a high accuracy (RMSE = 0.42 dS/m), small bias (ME = −0.02 dS/m) and Lin's concordance (0.91). Slightly worse results were obtained using individual LR established at each depth increment overall (i.e. RMSE = 0.45 dS/m; ME = 0.00 dS/m; Lin's = 0.89) with the raw EM38 ECa. Inversion required a single LR (ECe = 0.679 + 0.041 × σ), enabling efficiencies in estimating ECe at any depth across the irrigation district. Final maps of ECe, along with information on water used for irrigation (ECw) and the characterization of properties of the two main soil types, enabled better understanding of causes of secondary soil salinity. The approach can be applied to problematic saline areas with saline water tables.

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“…In addition, about 30,000 ha of rice farming areas in the Aceh province of Indonesia have been affected by salinity because of the sea water inundation during the tsunami in 2004 [6]. The area of saline soils is predicted to be increasing as the impact of global climate changes [7].…”

Section: Icsafs Conference Proceedingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Developing Salinity Tolerant Rice Adaptable for Coastal Regions in Indonesia

Hairmansis¹,

Nafisah²,

Jamil³

2017

KLS

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Lowland rice areas along the coastal regions are a major contributor for rice production in Indonesia. Sustainability of rice production in those areas is challenged by the increase of soil salinity as the result of sea water inundation. recently which are adaptable to salt affected areas. This paper will describe the progress in the breeding programs to develop salt tolerant rice for lowland rice areas in the coastal regions. Strategy to accelerate the improvement of the salinity tolerant of Indonesian rice varieties in the future will be also discussed.

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Soil salinity in Aceh after the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

The post-depositional changes of the onshore 2004 tsunami deposits on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand

The post-depositional changes of the onshore 2004 tsunami deposits on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand

Mapping soil salinity in 3‐dimensions using an EM38 and EM4Soil inversion modelling at the reconnaissance scale in central Morocco

Towards Developing Salinity Tolerant Rice Adaptable for Coastal Regions in Indonesia

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