Elevated basal serum tryptase levels are present in 4–6% of the general population, but the cause and relevance of such increases are unknown1, 2. Previously, we described subjects with dominantly inherited elevated basal serum tryptase levels associated with multisystem complaints including cutaneous flushing and pruritus, dysautonomia, functional gastrointestinal symptoms, chronic pain, and connective tissue abnormalities, including joint hypermobility. Here we report the identification of germline duplications and triplications in the TPSAB1 gene encoding α-tryptase that segregate with inherited increases in basal serum tryptase levels in 35 families presenting with associated multisystem complaints. Individuals harboring alleles encoding three copies of α-tryptase had higher basal serum levels of tryptase and were more symptomatic than those with alleles encoding two copies, suggesting a gene-dose effect. Further, we found in two additional cohorts (172 individuals) that elevated basal serum tryptase levels were exclusively associated with duplication of α-tryptase–encoding sequence in TPSAB1, and affected individuals reported symptom complexes seen in our initial familial cohort. Thus, our findings link duplications in TPSAB1 with irritable bowel syndrome, cutaneous complaints, connective tissue abnormalities, and dysautonomia.
Abstract. Hairmansis A, Yullianida, Supartopo, Jamil A, Suwarno. 2017. Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity. Biodiversitas 18: 1122Biodiversitas 18: -1129. Plantation areas have a great potential to be utilized for upland rice production through intercropping. One of major constraints in the cultivation of upland rice as intercropping is low light intensity caused by shading. Improvement of rice varieties for shading tolerance is therefore important to increase rice production in upland areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the variability of upland rice genotypes responses to shading and identify the best genotypes for intercropping rice cultivation. Thirty-eight upland rice breeding lines, the shading tolerant rice variety Jatiluhur, and the shading susceptible rice variety IR64 were evaluated for their response to low light intensity in the greenhouse and the field. Greenhouse screening was conducted to determine their shading tolerance in vegetative stage while evaluation in the field was performed to evaluate their agronomic performance under 55% shading and normal conditions. Variation in upland rice genotypes on low light stress was revealed both in greenhouse and field trials. In the greenhouse trial, 12 genotypes showed higher survival rate compared to tolerant rice variety Jatiluhur. Field evaluation demonstrated that 55% shading increased plant height, reduced productive tiller number, delayed flowering time, increased spikelet sterility and reduced grain yield. Upland rice breeding line B11908F-TB-3-WN-1 showed high yield relative in shading condition compared to normal condition and had high-stress tolerance index (STI) which indicated the genotype was tolerant to shading.
Lowland rice areas along the coastal regions are a major contributor for rice production in Indonesia. Sustainability of rice production in those areas is challenged by the increase of soil salinity as the result of sea water inundation. recently which are adaptable to salt affected areas. This paper will describe the progress in the breeding programs to develop salt tolerant rice for lowland rice areas in the coastal regions. Strategy to accelerate the improvement of the salinity tolerant of Indonesian rice varieties in the future will be also discussed.
Varietas tahan merupakan komponen utama dalam pengendalian wereng coklat pada tanaman padi. Namun, varietas tahan yang ditanam secara luas dan terus-menerus dapat patah ketahanannya karena wereng coklat mampu beradaptasi dengan membentuk biotipe baru. Saat ini lebih dari 70 gen ketahanan terhadap wereng, baik gen utama maupun quantitative trait loci (QTLs), telah diidentifikasi dan beberapa gen telah digunakan dalam perakitan varietas unggul padi. Keanekaragaman sumber gen ketahanan pada varietas dapat menjadi alternatif pergiliran tanaman dalam upaya meredam serangan wereng coklat. Tantangan perakitan varietas tahan ke depan ialah produktivitas tinggi dan toleran terhadap cekaman abiotik. Perakitan varietas tahan dengan ketahanan lestari (durable resistance) menggunakan marker-assisted selection (MAS) dengan menggabungkan lebih dari dua gen ketahanan (gen utama maupun QTLs) diharapkan dapat menghambat pembentukan biotipe baru wereng coklat. Gen-gen ketahanan pada beberapa varietas diferensial seperti Rathu Heenati (Bph3 dan Bph17) dan PTB33 (bph2 dan Bph3) masih mempunyai ketahanan yang baik terhadap populasi wereng coklat dari daerah endemis dan dapat dijadikan donor dalam perakitan varietas tahan. Deteksi gen ketahanan pada varietas unggul padi yang akan dilepas sangat penting untuk menentukan rekomendasi daerah/lokasi tanam dan pergiliran varietas. Selain itu, manajemen ketahanan varietas juga penting agar varietas tahan yang dilepas dapat bertahan lama di lapangan.
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