Soil physical quality in contrasting tillage systems in organic and conventional farming

Crittenden, Stephen; Poot, N.; Heinen, M.; Balen, D.J.M. van; Pulleman, Mirjam

doi:10.1016/j.still.2015.06.018

Cited by 100 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The reasons for this notable phenomenon were: (1) compared with RPM, favorable hydrothermal conditions in RFM promoted crops to grow vigorously and further led to premature senescence; thus, higher water consumption was required to meet the requirement of crop growth; and (2) relatively slow growth of crops was recorded in FPM and thus growth period was also prolonged, therefore, crops needed more soil water to maintain growth. On the other hand, flat tillage could not effectively intercept rainfall and partial plastic film mulch further aggravated evaporation from un-mulched furrows [39,40]. Eventually, the soil water storage of FPM decreased comparatively more than that FFM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Mulch and Tillage on Soil Hydrothermal Conditions under Drip Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District, China

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Water

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Soil hydrothermal condition is one of the most important factors affecting crop growth in arid regions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mulching and tillage on moisture and temperature variations in soil under drip irrigation in the arid Hetao Irrigation District, northwest China. Four treatments were included: (1) alternating ridges (40 cm wide and 20 cm high) and furrows (40 cm wide) with plots fully mulched with plastic film (RFM); (2) alternating ridges (40 cm wide and 20 cm high) and furrows (40 cm wide) with partial film mulch (only the plant rows mulched) (RPM); (3) flat tillage with plots fully mulched with plastic film (FFM); and (4) flat tillage with partial film mulch (only the plant rows mulched) (FPM). The ridge tillage and plastic film increased soil temperature and significantly conserved soil water, and thus increased the maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The RFM treatment had a greater effect than the RPM, FFM, and FPM treatments on the soil moisture and water storage over 0-70 cm in depth during the entire growing period in 2014 and 2015, indicating that full transparent plastic film mulch increased soil water status and promoted deep water percolation, and ridge tillage further enhanced water redistribution to deep soils. Furthermore, RFM proportionally increased soil temperature by 0.36 • C, 1.49 • C, and 1.27 • C above the temperatures under RPM, FPM, and FFM, respectively, in 2014 and by 1.19 • C, 1.62 • C, and 0.35 • C, respectively, in 2015. During the drought year of 2014, tillage influenced temperature more than mulching; however, mulching played a more important role in preserving thermal conditions than tillage during the humid year of 2015. Consequently, RFM increased the maize yield and WUE significantly. We conclude that a combined system of full plastic film mulch and ridge tillage creates beneficial soil hydrothermal conditions under drip irrigation and thus promotes the growth and performance of field crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Mulch and Tillage on Soil Hydrothermal Conditions under Drip Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District, China

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Water

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“…In the case of biological (ecological) land farming, the use of chemical preparations is not allowed and the problem of the weed control becomes especially urgent. In the recent years biological agriculture (organic farming) in the developed countries has a steady tendency to increase the areas of plantations [1]. Seeking more sophisticated mechanical methods for the weed control remains also topical at the present time when cultivating other agricultural crops [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of harrow with spring teeth for cultivation of sugar beets

Bulgakov

Ivanovs

Bandura

et al. 2018

Engineering for Rural Development

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Abstract. In accordance with contemporary technologies, the fight against contamination of sugar beet crops by multiple applications of herbicides, which are environmentally hazardous, is carried out. In the biological cultivation of beets, the use of chemical preparations is not allowed. The purpose of this study was experimental determination of a possibility for efficient thinning sugar beet plantations with the help of a new spring-toothed harrow, which has mechanical selectivity with respect to the shoots of weeds. The revealed agrotechnical differences between the shoots of the sugar beet and the common weeds made it possible to substantiate the design peculiarities of the new harrow with spring teeth. The new harrow with the chain-spring operating tools in an optimal operating mode in the range of the soil moisture (W = 14-20 %) ensures destruction of the weed shoots -from 60 to 75.1 % with a removal of the sugar beet shoots from 3 to 5 % (mostly poorly developed or diseased plants). The conducted field tests of the harrow with the chain-spring teeth showed its efficiency and advantages over the other existing harrow designs in the care for sugar beet plantations without application of herbicides. The research results of a harrow with chain-type working tools showed that, in contrast to the existing serial specimens, it removes up to 5 times less sugar beet shoots, and destroys by 11-15 % more weeds. This harrow can find application on the fields for ecologically clean management of soil cultivation on the farms and other private households.Keywords: sugar beet, harrow, spring tooth, shoots, weeds. IntroductionIn accordance with the modern technologies used in agriculture, multiple applications of herbicides are practiced to combat the weediness of sowings, introduction of which into the soil is considered environmentally undesirable or dangerous. In the case of biological (ecological) land farming, the use of chemical preparations is not allowed and the problem of the weed control becomes especially urgent. In the recent years biological agriculture (organic farming) in the developed countries has a steady tendency to increase the areas of plantations [1]. Seeking more sophisticated mechanical methods for the weed control remains also topical at the present time when cultivating other agricultural crops [2][3][4]. The use of manual labour in such operations is now also practically eliminated due to high costs, etc.Harrowing of the sowings is an old and sufficiently simple common agrotechnical way of the weed control [3], including in the beet cultivation. Nevertheless, this method, based on the existing tools (tooth harrows, rotary hoes, etc.) is not efficient enough due to the fact that an insufficient number of the weed shoots is destroyed using it and, at the same time, a large proportion of the shoots of the cultivated plants is damaged.A lot of researchers have worked to solve the problem how to create a reliable and efficient working tools and tools for the weed control on the cultivated crop plant...

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“…Por otra parte, prácticas como el laboreo intensivo han agotado el carbono (C) orgánico del suelo, ya que se caracterizan por tener un bajo retorno de material orgánico al suelo y favorecen mecanismos como la oxidación, la mineralización, la lixiviación y la erosión (Crittenden et al 2015;Martínez et al 2005;Peregrina 2016). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efecto de técnicas de agricultura de conservación en la respiración del suelo en plantaciones de almendro en la región mediterránea (SE, España)

Pleguezuelo

Martínez

Rodríguez

et al. 2017

M+A. Revista Electrónica De Medioambiente

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Efecto de técnicas de agricultura de conservación en la respiración del suelo en plantaciones de almendro en la región mediterránea (SE España) Resumen. El sistema de manejo de los suelos agrícolas puede modificar sustancialmente la dinámica del CO 2 del suelo. Se realizó un experimento en Lanjarón (SE España) para evaluar el efecto de tres sistemas de manejo de suelos en plantaciones de almendro: 1) mínimo laboreo y cubierta de vegetación espontánea (ML VE ), 2) mínimo laboreo y cubierta de tomillo (Thymbra capitata L.) (ML T ), y 3) mínimo laboreo sin cubiertas vegetales (ML). Las tasas de emisión del CO 2 del suelo presentaron el siguiente orden creciente ML VE >ML>ML T , determinándose una alta variabilidad a corto plazo. Así mismo, se registraron mayores emisiones de CO 2 durante la primavera, en contraste a las de otoño. Por otra parte, el contenido de agua en el suelo fue el factor ambiental con mayor influencia en las emisiones. En consecuencia, el empleo de técnicas de agricultura de conservación como el mínimo laboreo y cubiertas vegetales para el secuestro de C atmosférico son medidas sostenibles en los agroecosistemas mediterráneos de secano. Palabras clave: Cambio climático; CO 2 ; cubierta vegetal; mínimo laboreo; Prunus dulcis Mill.[en] Effect of different conservation agriculture techniques on soil respiration in almond orchards in the Mediterranean region (SE Spain) Abstract. The soil-management system in agricultural lands could be affected substantially on dynamics of CO 2 fluxes from soil. An experiment was carried out in Lanjarón (SE Spain) to evaluate the effect of three soil-management systems in almond plantations: 1) minimum tillage with spontaneous vegetation strips (MT SV ), 2) minimum tillage and thyme (Thymbra capitata L.) strips (MT T ), and 3) minimum tillage without plant strips (MT). The CO 2 emission rates from soil presented the following increasing trend MT SV >MT>MT T , showing highly variability in the short term. Also, higher CO 2 soil emissions were recorded during the spring, in contrast to autumn. Moreover, the soil-water content was the most influential environmental factor. Consequently, the use of conservation agricultural techniques such as minimum tillage and plant strips to sequester atmospheric carbon are sustainable measures for Mediterranean rainfed agro-ecosystems. Key words: Climate change; CO 2 ; minimum tillage; plant cover; Prunus dulcis Mill. Rodríguez, C.R., Francia, J.R., Cárceles, B., Gálvez, B., García, I.F., Durán, V.H.M+A Revis. Elect. Medioambiente.18(2) 2017: 163-176 [fr] Effet des techniques d'agriculture de conservation sur la respiration du sol dans les plantations d'amandiers de la région méditerranéenne (SE Espagne)

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Soil physical quality in contrasting tillage systems in organic and conventional farming

Cited by 100 publications

References 49 publications

Combined Effects of Mulch and Tillage on Soil Hydrothermal Conditions under Drip Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District, China

Combined Effects of Mulch and Tillage on Soil Hydrothermal Conditions under Drip Irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District, China

Experimental investigation of harrow with spring teeth for cultivation of sugar beets

Efecto de técnicas de agricultura de conservación en la respiración del suelo en plantaciones de almendro en la región mediterránea (SE, España)

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