Soil pH and Soil Acidity

Thomas, Grant W.

doi:10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c16

Cited by 1,104 publications

(513 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Total N was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was determined by the ammonium acetate method, and the cations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Sparks, 1996). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Herbicide Triasulfuron on Soil Microbial Community in an Unamended Soil and a Soil Amended with Organic Residues

et al. 2017

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The effect of organic amendments and pesticides on a soil microbial community has garnered considerable interest due to the involvement of microorganisms in numerous soil conservation and maintenance reactions. The aim of this work was to assess the influence on a soil microbial community of the simultaneous application of the herbicide triasulfuron at three doses (2, 10, and 50 mg kg-1), with an organic amendment [sewage sludge (SS) or green compost (GC)]. Dissipation kinetics, soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and respiration, and the profile of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) extracted from the soil, were determined in unamended (S) soil and amended (S+SS and S+GC) ones. Triasulfuron dissipation followed the single first-order kinetics model. Half-life (DT50) values were higher in the amended soils than in the unamended one for the 10 and 50 mg kg-1 doses. The dissipation rates were lower in the S+GC soil for the three herbicide doses applied. In general, soil biomass, DHA and respiration values increased in SS- and GC-amended soils compared to the unamended one. DHA values decreased (S and S+SS) or increased (S+GC) with the incubation time of soil with herbicide at the different doses applied. Respiration values increased with the herbicide doses applied and decreased with the incubation time, although maximum values were obtained for soils treated with the highest dose after 70 days of incubation. PLFA analysis indicated different effects of triasulfuron on the soil microbial community structure depending on the organic amendments. While the increasing triasulfuron doses resulted in deeper alterations in the S soil, the time after triasulfuron application was the most important variation in the S+SS and S+GC soils. The overall results indicate that the soil amendment has an effect on herbicide dissipation rate and the soil microbial community. Initially, a high dose of triasulfuron had detrimental effects on the soil microbial community, which is important in the case of the long-term use of this compound.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil characteristics (pH, OC, DOC, and CEC) were determined as described above ( Table 1 ). Inorganic carbon content was determined as CaCO 3 with a Bernard calcimeter (Sparks, 1996). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Herbicide Triasulfuron on Soil Microbial Community in an Unamended Soil and a Soil Amended with Organic Residues

et al. 2017

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“…Soil organic C concentration was determined on the air-dry soil, which was crushed and ground in a roller mill for 24 h before analyzing total organic C by dry combustion in a CN analyzer (Nelson and Sommers, 1996). Prior to analysis of SOC, the soil pH was determined with a pH meter on a 1:2 suspension (Thomas, 1996). Soil pH did not significantly differ among the four residue treatments, but the pH values were >7.0 (7.49 ± 0.18; mean ± SD), which suggests the presence of carbonates.…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Blanco‐Canqui

Tatarko²,

Stalker³

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Implications of corn (Zea mays l.) residue grazing and baling on wind erosion in integrated crop-livestock systems are not well understood. This study (i) determined soil properties affecting wind erosion potential including dry aggregate-size distribution, geometric mean diameter (GMD), geometric standard deviation of dry aggregates, and wind-erodible fraction (WEF), (ii) correlated these properties with soil organic C (SOC) and particulate organic matter (POM), and (iii) simulated soil loss using the Single-event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP) model after 7 and 8 yr of irrigated no-till corn residue management in a semiarid region in west-central Nebraska. residue treatments were: control (no residue removal), light grazing (2.5 animal unit months [AUM] ha −1 ), heavy grazing (5.0 AUM ha −1 ), and baling. We simulated soil loss for a 3-h windstorm with a wind velocity of 13 m s −1 . Soil properties differed in spring but not in fall. Baling reduced 6.3-to 45-mm macroaggregates by 37% and GMD by 80% and increased WEF by 25% relative to the control. light and heavy grazing, after 8 yr, significantly reduced 6.3-to 14-mm macroaggregates 43% compared with the control and tended to reduce GMD and increase WEF, although not statistically significant. As residue cover decreased, GMD decreased and WEF increased. residue removal did not reduce SOC and POM concentrations, but soil erodibility decreased as POM increased. Simulation showed that soil erodibility increased as residue cover decreased in spring, and baling increased the wind erosion potential. Overall, residue baling increases the wind erosion potential but residue grazing has smaller effects in this semiarid environment.Abbreviations: AUM, animal unit month; GMD, geometric mean diameter of dry aggregates; GSD, geometric standard deviation; SOC, soil organic carbon; POM, particulate organic matter; WEF, wind-erodible fraction. C orn residues provide numerous services for crop and livestock production, biofuel production, protection of soil, and environmental quality. For example, corn residues are considered an inexpensive cattle feed source in times when the availability of forage is limited. Residues are grazed by livestock, baled as animal feed, and mixed with ethanol co-products (i.e., distillers grains) for cattle feed. Corn residues are also potential feedstocks for the production of secondgeneration biofuels. The long-term impacts of grazing and baling of corn residues on soil services have not yet been fully investigated (Nelson et al., 2015).One of the services that should be further considered prior to residue removal is wind erosion control. Particularly in semiarid regions such as the central Great Plains, the presence of abundant crop residue cover is essential for controlling wind erosion. Recent estimates have shown that removal of corn residues at rates as low as 10 to 30% could increase the risks of wind erosion in semiarid regions, depending on the amount of residue produced (Miner et al., 2013 Core Ideas• Corn residue baling incre...

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“…Prior to implementing the experiment, limestone was applied (1 Mg ha −1 ) and incorporated into the soil by plowing. Determination of pH, soil organic C, and potential acidity (H + Al) was conducted according to Thomas (1996), Nelson andSommers (1996), andShoemaker et al (1961), respectively. Determination of pH, soil organic C, and potential acidity (H + Al) was conducted according to Thomas (1996), Nelson andSommers (1996), andShoemaker et al (1961), respectively.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal of Energy Cane Genotypes in Northeastern Brazil

Boschiero

Castro

Rocha³

et al. 2019

Crop Science

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Energy cane (Saccharum spp.) is an alternative for biomass production to meet demands for high yield and fiber content feedstock for bioenergy production. However, there is limited research data and information available for this crop that was recently introduced in Brazil. The focus of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and mineral composition of energy cane genotypes to understand their productivity and define nutrient management practices according to nutrient removal. The experiment was conducted in northeastern Brazil during plant cane and first ratoon crop cycles and evaluated six energy cane and one sugarcane (cultivar most grown in the region) genotype. Depending on genotype and crop cycle, energy cane dry biomass production ranged from 43 to 63 Mg ha−1 and was greater than that of sugarcane, ranging from 25 to 51 Mg ha−1. Energy cane allocated a greater amount of dry biomass in dry leaves and tops than sugarcane. Overall, 1 Mg of fresh energy cane required 1.5 kg of N, 0.32 kg of P, 5.1 kg of K, 0.6 kg of Mg, 0.5 kg of S, 5.7 g of B, 1.4 g of Cu, 6.3 g of Mn, and 4.7 g of Zn. Macronutrient removal by some energy cane genotypes was higher than that by sugarcane due to greater biomass production. Energy cane has the potential for greater dry biomass production than sugarcane, but it also removes a larger amount of nutrients. The recommendation of an amount of nutrients needed for energy cane production is a key issue for the establishment of this crop as a raw material for bioenergy production in Brazil.

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Soil pH and Soil Acidity

Cited by 1,104 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of Herbicide Triasulfuron on Soil Microbial Community in an Unamended Soil and a Soil Amended with Organic Residues

Influence of Herbicide Triasulfuron on Soil Microbial Community in an Unamended Soil and a Soil Amended with Organic Residues

Impacts of Corn Residue Grazing and Baling on Wind Erosion Potential in a Semiarid Environment

Biomass Production and Nutrient Removal of Energy Cane Genotypes in Northeastern Brazil

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