Soil Pests of Groundnut in Sub-Saharan Africa—A Review

Umeh, V. C.; Youm, O.; Waliyar, F

doi:10.1017/s1742758400020014

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Millipedes were the next most abundant pests followed by white grubs. Wireworms were least in abundance, which also agrees with the findings by Umeh et al, (1999Umeh et al, ( , 2001. The activities of these pests negatively affected the quality of harvested peanut as shown by the high percentages of infested plants, scarified and penetrated pods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Past studies have shown that more than 350 species of insects damage peanut in different parts of the world (Stalker and Campbell, 1983). The economic importance of the soil pests, termites (Isoptera: Termitidae), millipedes (Myriapoda: Odontopygidae) and white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) has been well documented in parts of Africa (Wightman et al, 1990;Umeh et al, 1999Umeh et al, , 2001). These pests penetrate and feed on roots, developing pods, and kernels (Umeh et al, 1999;Wightman et al, 1990).…”

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Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana

et al. 2012

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Soil arthropod pests are important constraints to peanut production in Ghana. Surveys of peanut fields were conducted from 2003-2005 to identify and estimate densities of key soil arthropod pests, and also to quantify their damage to peanut in the three regions (Northern, Upper East and Upper West) of northern Ghana. The main soil pests were termites (Isoptera: Termitidae), millipedes (Myriapoda: Odontopygidae), white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Across regions, termites and millipedes were the most abundant while wireworms were the least recorded. Significantly higher pest densities and pod damage by scarification and penetration were generally recorded in the Northern Region than in the Upper East and Upper West Regions. A checklist administered to farmers during the survey showed that no control practices were carried out for the pests though farmers generally were aware of the damaging effects of these pests on peanut. Field studies also were conducted at Nyankpala and Bagurugu in the Northern Region during 2005 and 2006 to determine the effects of insecticide (chlorpyrifos or carbofuran) applications to peanut at planting, pegging or at both planting and pegging on control of soil arthropod pests and on yield. Results showed that the insecticides used were similar in their efficacy against the pests. Generally, insecticide treatment lowered pest densities and pod damage resulting in increased yield over the untreated control. Yield losses in untreated plots ranged between 23 and 39%. Treatment at planting or pegging did not differ in the level of control compared with treatment at both planting and pegging. Yield was negatively correlated with pest densities and pod damage. These findings are discussed in the context of control of soil pests of peanut in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana

et al. 2012

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“…Post-independence political unrest, drought waves, epidemics of groundnut rosette disease, and continuous decline in groundnut price on global markets drastically reduced production by more than 50% in the 1970s [29,30,[35][36][37]. Production increased again after 1985 due to expanded acreage for cultivation of the crop [38] and significant governmental support to the groundnut sector by the SOFIVAR (Groundnut Funding and Extension Society) [35]. The crop yield was very low (<400 kg/ha) up to the mid-1980s, when for the first time yields reached 600 kg/ha ( Figure 1).…”

Section: History Of Groundnut Cultivation In Burkina Fasomentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, Present and Future Perspectives on Groundnut Breeding in Burkina Faso

Konaté¹,

Sanou²,

Miningou³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major food and cash crop in Burkina Faso. Due to growing demand for raw oilseeds, there is an increasing interest in groundnut production from traditional rain-fed areas to irrigated environments. However, despite implementation of many initiatives in the past to increase groundnut productivity and production, the groundnut industry still struggles to prosper, due to several constraints including minimal development research and fluctuating markets. Yield penalty due to drought and biotic stresses continue to be a major drawback for groundnut production. This review traces progress in the groundnut breeding that started in Burkina Faso before the country’s political independence in 1960 through to present times. Up to the 1980s, groundnut improvement was led by international research institutions such as IRHO (Institute of Oils and Oleaginous Research) and ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). However, international breeding initiatives were not sufficient to establish a robust domestic groundnut breeding programme. This review also provides essential information about opportunities and challenges of groundnut research in Burkina Faso, emphasising the need for institutional attention to genetic improvement of the crop.

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“…Curtis) Deighton) are major constraints to peanut (Arachis hypogeae L.) production in Ghana (Umeh et al 2001;Abudulai et al 2007Abudulai et al , 2012. The arthropods damage plants by penetrating and feeding on developing pegs, pods, and seeds inside pods, resulting in yield loss ranging between 30% and 70% in West Africa ( Johnson et al 1981;Umeh et al 1999Umeh et al , 2001Abudulai et al 2012). Their feeding activity also predisposes pods to infection by disease pathogens such as the fungus, Aspergillus flavus (Link) (Wightman et al 1990;Lynch et al 1991;Waliyar et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Neem also acts systemically because of absorption by roots and translocation to plant parts when applied into soil or sprayed on the plant . Laboratory and field studies have demonstrated efficacy of neem extracts against soil pests such as termites (Carter & Mauldin 1981;Lin & Wang 1988;Umeh et al 2001;Cherry & Nuessly 2010). Neem has also been reported to inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth of leaf disease fungi (Kale & Holey 1994;Bambawale et al 1995;Gahukar 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for managing soil arthropods and Cercospora leaf spots damage for increased yield in peanut

Abudulai¹,

Salifu²,

Opare-Atakora³

et al. 2013

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Field efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for managing soil arthropods and Cercospora leaf spots damage to peanut was studied in Ghana from 2008 to 2010. Treatments consisted of neem kernel water extract (NKWE) and neem kernel powder (NKP) applied separately as soil drench at the rates of 10.5 and 21.0 kg/ha at either planting or pegging. Untreated control and chlorpyrifos treatment at pegging were included as checks. Results showed generally that the neem products at the concentrations tested were efficacious and comparable to chlorpyrifos in lowering populations of soil arthropods and severity of leaf spot diseases, leaf defoliation, and scarified and bored pod damage, resulting in increased pod yield in 2008 and 2009.

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Soil Pests of Groundnut in Sub-Saharan Africa—A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana

Survey of Soil Arthropod Pests and Assessment of Yield Loss in Peanut in Northern Ghana

Past, Present and Future Perspectives on Groundnut Breeding in Burkina Faso

Field efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for managing soil arthropods and Cercospora leaf spots damage for increased yield in peanut

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