Soil organic carbon fractions after 16-years of applications of fertilizers and organic manure in a Typic Rhodalfs in semi-arid tropics

Banger, Kamaljit; Toor, Gurpal S.; Biswas, Asim; Sidhu, S. S.; Sudhir, K.

doi:10.1007/s10705-009-9301-8

Cited by 131 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This was evident from the fact that majority of the increase in total NPP due to LCLUC has occurred in the croplands for which nitrogen fertilizer application was the dominant factor after the 1950s. It has been reported in several field scale studies that nitrogen fertilizer application increased NPP in southern (Banger et al 2010), northern (Ghosh et al 2012), and north eastern parts of India (Mandal et al 2007). Interestingly, the response of nitrogen fertilizer application started in the 1960s and increased linearly up to the 1980s then leveled off and decreased in the 2000s.…”

Section: Land Cover and Land Use Changementioning

confidence: 98%

Terrestrial net primary productivity in India during 1901–2010: contributions from multiple environmental changes

et al. 2015

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India is very important but relatively unexplored region in terms of carbon studies, where significant environmental changes have occurred in the 20th century that can alter terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). Here, we used a process-based, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), driven by land cover and land use change (LCLUC), climate change, elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration, atmospheric nitrogen deposition (NDEP), and tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution to estimate terrestrial NPP in India during 1901-2010. Over the country, terrestrial NPP showed significant interannual variations ranging 1.2 Pg C year −1 to 1.7 Pg C year −1 during the 1901-2010. Overall, multiple environmental changes have increased terrestrial NPP by 0.23 Pg C year −1 . Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration has increased NPP by 0.29 Pg C; however climate change has offset a portion of terrestrial NPP (0.11 Pg C) during this study period. On an average, terrestrial NPP reduced by 0.12 Pg C year −1 in drought years; when precipitation was 100 mm year −1 lower than long term average, suggesting that terrestrial carbon cycle in India is strongly linked to climate change. LCLUC, including land conversions and cropland management practices, increased terrestrial NPP by 0.043 Pg C year −1 over the country. Tropospheric O 3 pollution reduced terrestrial NPP by 0.06 Pg C year −1 and the decrease was comparatively higher in croplands than other biomes after the 1980s. Our results have shown that climate change and tropospheric O 3 pollution may partially offset terrestrial NPP increase caused by elevated CO 2 concentration, LCLUC, and NDEP over India.

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Section: Land Cover and Land Use Changementioning

confidence: 98%

Terrestrial net primary productivity in India during 1901–2010: contributions from multiple environmental changes

et al. 2015

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“…The effect of N availability from the mineralization of endogenous soil N reservoirs on BNF has been studied only rarely because N-fertility gradients are typically produced using fertilizer N additions (e.g., Elgersma et al 2000;Gan et al 2002). While it can take decades or centuries for total soil organic matter pools to reflect management practice effects, faster-cycling pools such as particulate organic matter, are sensitive to management differences on the time scale of a few years (Banger et al 2010;Cambardella and Elliott 1992). Increases in these more labile pools may increase plant available soil N and, thereby, reduce legume BNF (Schipanski et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fixation of red clover interseeded with winter cereals across a management-induced fertility gradient

Schipanski

Drinkwater

2010

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The incorporation of legume cover crops into annual grain rotations remains limited, despite extensive evidence that they can reduce negative environmental impacts of agroecosystems while maintaining crop yields. Diversified grain rotations that include a winter cereal have a unique niche for interseeding cover crops. To understand how management-driven soil fertility differences and interseeding with grains influenced red clover (Trifolium pratense) N 2 fixation, we estimated biological N 2 fixation (BNF) in 2006 and 2007, using the 15 N natural abundance method across 15 farm fields characterized based on the reliance on BNF derived N inputs as a fraction of total N inputs. Plant treatments included winter grain with and without interseeded red clover, monoculture clover, monoculture orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), and clover-orchardgrass mixtures. Fields with a history of legume-based management had larger labile soil nitrogen pools and lower soil P levels. Orchardgrass biomass was positively correlated with the management-induced N fertility gradient, but we did not detect any relationship between soil N availability and clover N 2 fixation. Interseeding clover with a winter cereal did not alter winter grain yield, however, clover production was lower during the establishment year when interseeded with taller winter grain varieties, most likely due to competition for light. Interseeding clover increased the % N from fixation relative to the monoculture clover (72% vs. 63%, respectively) and the average total N 2 fixed at the end of the first growing season (57 vs. 47 kg N ha -1 , respectively). Similar principles could be applied to develop more cash crop-cover crop complementary pairings that provide both an annual grain harvest and legume cover crop benefits.

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“…The POC levels were not significantly affected by the cover crops (Table 3), even though the previous reports show that POC is a sensitive indicator of changes in the soil organic matter level due to modifications in management practices (Banger et al, 2010;Covaleda et al, 2011;Rossi et al, 2012). One reason for the absence of a significant change in POC levels may be the short time span of the experiment, and it is possible that subsequent cover crop cycles would raise the POC levels.…”

Section: Particulate Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 80%

Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Response to Cover Crops in an Orange Orchard

Oliveira

Xavier

2016

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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ABSTRACT:The cultivation of cover crops intercropped with fruit trees is an alternative to maintain mulch cover between plant rows and increase soil organic carbon (C) stocks. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil total organic C content and labile organic matter fractions in response to cover crop cultivation in an orange orchard. The experiment was performed in the state of Bahia, in a citrus orchard with cultivar 'Pera' orange (Citrus sinensis) at a spacing of 6 × 4 m. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The following species were used as cover crops: Brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbes) -BRAQ, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) -MIL, jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) -JB, blend (50 % each) of jack bean + millet (JB/MIL), and spontaneous vegetation (SPV). The cover crops were broadcast-seeded between the rows of orange trees and mechanically mowed after flowering. Soil sampling at depths of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m was performed in small soil trenches. The total soil organic C (SOC) content, light fraction (LF), and the particulate organic C (POC), and oxidizable organic C fractions were estimated. Total soil organic C content was not significantly changed by the cover crops, indicating low sensitivity in reacting to recent changes in soil organic matter due to management practices. Grasses enabled a greater accumulation of SOC stocks in 0.00-0.40 m compared to all other treatments. Jack bean cultivation increased LF and the most labile oxidizable organic C fraction (F1) in the soil surface and the deepest layer tested. Cover crop cultivation increased labile C in the 0.00-0.10 m layer, which can enhance soil microbial activity and nutrient absorption by the citrus trees. The fractions LF and F1 may be suitable indicators for monitoring changes in soil organic matter content due to changes in soil management practices.

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Soil organic carbon fractions after 16-years of applications of fertilizers and organic manure in a Typic Rhodalfs in semi-arid tropics

Cited by 131 publications

References 40 publications

Terrestrial net primary productivity in India during 1901–2010: contributions from multiple environmental changes

Terrestrial net primary productivity in India during 1901–2010: contributions from multiple environmental changes

Nitrogen fixation of red clover interseeded with winter cereals across a management-induced fertility gradient

Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Response to Cover Crops in an Orange Orchard

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