Soil N2O emissions, N leaching and marine eutrophication in life cycle assessment – A comparison of modelling approaches

Henryson, Kajsa; Kätterer, Thomas; Tidåker, Pernilla; Sundberg, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138332

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…For comparison, the autonomous electric tractor scenario had an impact of 0.015 kg CO 2 eq kg -1 grain (Paper V). This can be compared to a total value of 0.22-0.70 CO 2 eq kg -1 grain for Swedish wheat production reported in the literature (Henryson et al, 2020;Moberg et al, 2019;Röös et al, 2011), with a value for machinery production and use of 0.07 kg CO 2 eq kg -1 grain reported by Moberg et al (2019). The results for the conventional tractor are therefore in line with literature values, and the autonomous electric tractor showed potential for a significant reduction in climate impact.…”

Section: General Comparison and Verificationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Lagnelöv¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Use of battery-electric vehicles has become common in different sectors, as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Driveline electrification in agricultural machinery could reduce emissions and increase driveline efficiency, but implementation has been hindered by the low energy-carrying capacity of batteries compared with conventional fuels. Combining battery-electric drivelines and autonomous operation would provide important synergies by mitigating or eliminating many of negative aspects of electrification, while retaining the benefits from both systems. This thesis evaluated the potential and analysed the intricate workings of a battery-based autonomous electric vehicle system by applying systems analysis, economic analysis and life cycle assessment, through simulations and modelling. The vehicle system was evaluated on a theoretical Swedish grain farm of 200 ha using a conventional cropping system. Soil compaction, battery ageing, queueing dynamics, field trafficability, energy storage and weather effects were all included in simulations. This allowed comparison of performance, cost and environmental impacts for a conventional fieldwork tractor and a system with several smaller autonomous battery-electric tractors. The evaluation showed that the autonomous electric tractors were able to match or exceed the daily work rate of the conventional tractor, while reducing energy use (by 47-75%), lowering annual costs (by 32-37%) and reducing soil compaction. The environmental impact was generally also lower, with up to a 74% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions over the system’s life cycle. These results indicate great potential for autonomous electric tractors in future agricultural fieldwork, as combining the electric driveline and autonomous technologies allowed the benefits from both to be used to greater effect than either by itself.

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Section: General Comparison and Verificationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Lagnelöv¹

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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“…Mechanisms of volatilisation and redeposition of nitrogen oxides (NO 2 ) may cause local off-site acidification in soils, and if treated land is adjacent to a body of water or if it is irrigated, some N may run off or leach into surface water systems. This N will ultimately end up in coastal waters, contributing to marine eutrophication 21,22 , which can have locally devastating environmental impacts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture

Menegat

Ledo²,

Tirado

2022

Sci Rep

138

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The global agri-food system relies on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisation to increase crop yields, yet the use of synthetic N fertiliser is unsustainable. In this study we estimate global greenhouse (GHG) emissions due to synthetic N fertiliser manufacture, transportation, and field use in agricultural systems. By developing the largest field-level dataset available on N2O soil emissions we estimate national, regional and global N2O direct emission factors (EFs), while we retrieve from the literature the EFs for indirect N2O soil emissions, and for N fertiliser manufacturing and transportation. We find that the synthetic N fertiliser supply chain was responsible for estimated emissions of 1.13 GtCO2e in 2018, representing 10.6% of agricultural emissions and 2.1% of global GHG emissions. Synthetic N fertiliser production accounted for 38.8% of total synthetic N fertiliser-associated emissions, while field emissions accounted for 58.6% and transportation accounted for the remaining 2.6%. The top four emitters together, China, India, USA and EU28 accounted for 62% of the total. Historical trends reveal the great disparity in total and per capita N use in regional food production. Reducing overall production and use of synthetic N fertilisers offers large mitigation potential and in many cases realisable potential to reduce emissions.

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“…Although transformation occurs naturally, anthropogenic action has a significant effect on the N cycle, with diverse sources of N emissions, such as wastewaters from agri‐food (Chini et al, 2020; Pereira et al, 2019), industrial (Chen et al, 2021), and sanitary sewage (de Almeida Fernandes et al, 2018), that end up being improperly discharged without treatment and in large quantities into the environment. Consequently, this uncontrolled release of N compounds into the environment causes severe impact on global warming (Chen et al, 2020), soil acidification (Hao et al, 2020), stratospheric ozone depletion (Solomon, 2021), eutrophication of aquatic environments (Henderson et al, 2021; Henryson et al, 2020), biodiversity loss (Lu et al, 2021), and groundwater contamination (Uwizeye et al, 2020). Furthermore, these impacts contribute negatively to human health due to respiratory diseases, heart diseases, and even cancers (Uwizeye et al, 2020; Zhang, Fung, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key enzymes involved in anammox‐based processes for wastewater treatment: An applied overview

Venturin

Rodrigues

Bonassa

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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Soil N2O emissions, N leaching and marine eutrophication in life cycle assessment – A comparison of modelling approaches

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Electric autonomous tractors in Swedish agriculture : A systems analysis of economic, environmental and performance effects

Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture

Key enzymes involved in anammox‐based processes for wastewater treatment: An applied overview

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