SOIL MOISTURE INFLUENCES COLONIZATION OF PRAIRIE CORDGRASS (<i>SPARTINA PEC TIN ATA</i> LIND.) BY VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

Anderson, Roger C.; Ebbers, Bert C.; Liberta, Anthony E.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00828.x

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In undisturbed grasslands (Mollisols), AM mycorrhizal associations dominate to the near exclusion of other mycorrhizal associations (e.g., [333][334][335][336]). In farmed Mollisols, soils remain dominated by AM associations even on non-native plants [337].…”

Section: Soil Taxonomy and Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Mycorrhizal Diversity to Current Climatic Changes

Bellgard

Williams

2011

Diversity

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Form and function of mycorrhizas as well as tracing the presence of the mycorrhizal fungi through the geological time scale are herein first addressed. Then mycorrhizas and plant fitness, succession, mycorrhizas and ecosystem function, and mycorrhizal resiliency are introduced. From this, four hypotheses are drawn: (1) mycorrhizal diversity evolved in response to changes in Global Climate Change (GCC) environmental drivers, (2) mycorrhizal diversity will be modified by present changes in GCC environmental drivers, (3) mycorrhizal changes in response to ecological drivers of GCC will in turn modify plant, community, and ecosystem responses to the same, and (4) Mycorrhizas will continue to evolve in response to present and future changes in GCC factors. The drivers of climate change examined here are: CO2 enrichment, temperature rise, altered precipitation, increased N-deposition, habitat fragmentation, and biotic invasion increase. These impact the soil-rhizosphere, plant and fungal physiology and/or ecosystem(s) directly and indirectly. Direct effects include changes in resource availability and change in distribution of mycorrhizas. Indirect effects include changes in below ground allocation of C to roots and changes in plant species distribution. GCC ecological drivers have been partitioned into four putative time frames: (1) Immediate (1–2 years) impacts, associated with ecosystem fragmentation and habitat loss realized through loss of plant-hosts and disturbance of the soil; (2) Short-term (3–10 year) impacts, resultant of biotic invasions of exotic mycorrhizal fungi, plants and pests, diseases and other abiotic perturbations; (3) Intermediate-term (11–20 year) impacts, of cumulative and additive effects of increased N (and S) deposition, soil acidification and other pollutants; and (4) Long-term (21–50+ year) impacts, where increased temperatures and CO2 will destabilize global rainfall patterns, soil properties and plant ecosystem resilience. Due to dependence on their host for C-supply, orchid mycorrhizas and all heterotrophic mycorrhizal groups will be immediately impacted through loss of habitat and plant-hosts. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations will be the principal group subject to short-term impacts, along with Ericoid mycorrhizas occurring in high altitude or high latitude ecosystems. This is due to susceptibility (low buffer capacity of soils) of many of the ECM systems and that GCC is accentuated at high latitudes and altitudes. Vulnerable mycorrhizal types subject to intermediate-term GCC changes include highly specialized ECM species associated with forest ecosystems and finally arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) associated with grassland ecosystems. Although the soils of grasslands are generally well buffered, the soils of arid lands are highly buffered and will resist even fairly long term GCC impacts, and thus these arid, largely AM systems will be the least affect by GCC. Once there are major perturbations to the global hydrological cycle that change rainfall patterns and seasonal distributions, no...

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Section: Soil Taxonomy and Mycorrhizal Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Mycorrhizal Diversity to Current Climatic Changes

Bellgard

Williams

2011

Diversity

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“…In pot-culture studies, inoculum (VAM spores) can be distributed evenly throughout the growth media so that root colonization occurs soon after the development of new roots. However, the even distribution of VAM inocula rarely occurs in nature (Anderson et al, 1983), and is impractical to attempt in field studies.…”

Section: Nutrients Per Shootmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of MIP and spore identification were begun seven days after soil samples were collected. Host plants were maintained in a growth chamber for 19 days (Anderson, Ebbers and Liberta, 1986). Plants were then harvested and roots scored for VAM colonization (Phillips and Hayman, 1970;Giovannetti and Mosse, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium Scoparium) (Poaceae) in Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soils Under Various Inorganic Nutrient Conditions

Anderson

Liberta

1989

American J of Botany

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Little bluestem plants (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash) were grown in fumigated and nonfumigated soil under manipulated levels of three inorganic nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, or bases (Ca + Mg). Plants grown in nonfumigated soil had significantly (P < 0.05) higher tissue levels of inorganic nutrients (Cu, Zn, Al, S, Mg, Mn, Ca, and P), smaller shoots, less total biomass, fewer flowering plants but more VAM fungal colonization than plants grown in fumigated soil that were essentially nonmycorrhizal (colonization (x¯±normalS)=34.4±13.8% vs. 1.2 ± 4.9%, for plants grown in nonfumigated and fumigated soil, respectively). Levels of phosphorus (14–33 μg/g) available (Bray No. 1) in the soil prior to manipulation, which are adequate for little bluestem, likely resulted in the development of an ineffectual mycorrhizal association, which in turn, caused the depressed growth of plants in nonfumigated soil. Among plants grown in nonfumigated soil, there was significant variation in VAM fungal colonization and sporulation owing to nutrient treatment. Nitrogen treatment and deionized water control had significantly lower levels of colonization than phosphorus and base treatments. However, plants in the nitrogen and base treatments had significantly more spores/100 cc of rhizosphere soil than plants grown in the deionized water control.

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“…Pht1 gene expression studies gave support to the role of encoded proteins in P nutrition in the agricultural setting (Nagy et al, 2006; Yang et al, 2012). AM symbiosis improved growth of rice plants in controlled and field conditions (Solaiman and Hirata, 1997), but the role of the MPU pathway in dry and wetland rice fields is unclear due to absence of clear genetic evidence (Anderson et al, 1986; Yang et al, 2012) and targeted reverse genetics approaches are needed. Although the two legume species are ideal model plants for functional genomics studies, they are of limited economical value, and consequences of the root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria might obscure effects of AM symbiosis, especially in field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway in maize: vital for growth and cob development on nutrient poor agricultural and greenhouse soils

et al. 2013

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a mutually beneficial symbiosis with plant roots providing predominantly phosphorus in the form of orthophosphate (Pi) in exchange for plant carbohydrates on low P soils. The goal of this work was to generate molecular-genetic evidence in support of a major impact of the mycorrhizal Pi uptake (MPU) pathway on the productivity of the major crop plant maize under field and controlled conditions. Here we show, that a loss-of-function mutation in the mycorrhiza-specific Pi transporter gene Pht1;6 correlates with a dramatic reduction of above-ground biomass and cob production in agro-ecosystems with low P soils. In parallel mutant pht1;6 plants exhibited an altered fingerprint of chemical elements in shoots dependent on soil P availability. In controlled environments mycorrhiza development was impaired in mutant plants when grown alone. The presence of neighboring mycorrhizal nurse plants enhanced the reduced mycorrhiza formation in pht1;6 roots. Uptake of 33P-labeled orthophosphate via the MPU pathway was strongly impaired in colonized mutant plants. Moreover, repression of the MPU pathway resulted in a redirection of Pi to neighboring plants. In line with previous results, our data highlight the relevance of the MPU pathway in Pi allocation within plant communities and in particular the role of Pht1;6 for the establishment of symbiotic Pi uptake and for maize productivity and nutritional value in low-input agricultural systems. In a first attempt to identify cellular pathways which are affected by Pht1;6 activity, gene expression profiling via RNA-Seq was performed and revealed a set of maize genes involved in cellular signaling which exhibited differential regulation in mycorrhizal pht1;6 and control plants. The RNA data provided support for the hypothesis that fungal supply of Pi and/or Pi transport across Pht1;6 affects cell wall biosynthesis and hormone metabolism in colonized root cells.

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SOIL MOISTURE INFLUENCES COLONIZATION OF PRAIRIE CORDGRASS (SPARTINA PEC TIN ATA LIND.) BY VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Response of Mycorrhizal Diversity to Current Climatic Changes

Response of Mycorrhizal Diversity to Current Climatic Changes

Growth of Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium Scoparium) (Poaceae) in Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soils Under Various Inorganic Nutrient Conditions

Mycorrhizal phosphate uptake pathway in maize: vital for growth and cob development on nutrient poor agricultural and greenhouse soils

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