Soil Management for Better Nutrition of Lowland Rice

Pandey, KR

doi:10.3126/jiaas.v27i0.707

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As stated by Trinsoutrot et al (2000), the N concentration of the residues is sufficient to predict the net effects of crop residues on soil mineral N dynamics. Crop residues with a wide C:N, such as straw, can temporarily immobilize soil N in the microbial biomass, resulting in less soil N min available for plant uptake and for microbial transformation (Pandey, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mineral nitrogen and microbial parameters as influenced by catch crops and straw management

Janušauskaitė

Arlauskienė

Maikštėnienė

2013

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Agricultural management can affect soil chemistry, nutrient cycling and microbial properties, but the relationship among them is not well explored. Catch crops play an important role in decreasing nitrogen (N) leaching in the autumn, and thereby reduce undesirable environmental effects, improve soil physical and microbiological properties. We investigated the effect of catch crops and straw management on soil mineral nitrogen (N min ) and microbial activity on a clay loam Gleyic Cambisol (CMg). A two-factor experiment was set up: 1) catch crops (narrow-leafed lupin, mixture of narrow-leafed lupin and oats, white mustard and without catch crops), and 2) straw management methods (with and without). The total amount of bacteria and fungi, dehydrogenase and urease activity, and potential nitrification rate were assayed during two successive spring barley growing seasons. Also we determined N in the soil and soil leachate. Our experimental findings indicated that the N min dynamics in the soil and nitrate nitrogen (N-NO 3 ) leaching depended on the catch crops, the amount of decomposers and the weather conditions. Cultivation of post-harvest catch crops in a clay loam Cambisol reduced N min content by 50-62% at the 0-40 cm soil layer, stubble breaking in the autumn by 23-41%, compared with the soil where the stubble had not been broken and no catch crops had been grown. Also, cultivation of catch crops reduced nitrate (N-NO 3 ) concentration in the soil leachate by 32-62%. The biological variables differed among all treatments, especially among years. Higher counts of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi and greater enzymatic activity were recorded in the plots with catch crops. Higher nitrification activity was established in the plots without catch crops. The amount of cellulose degrading bacteria did not differ significantly between the treatments. Further research is needed to get a better insight into the processes of mineralization and immobilization of catch crops' residues and soil N min and N-NO 3 leaching in agricultural ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mineral nitrogen and microbial parameters as influenced by catch crops and straw management

Janušauskaitė

Arlauskienė

Maikštėnienė

2013

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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“…Apart from the organic amendments conventional farmers were applying chemical fertilizers like urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and murate of potash (MOP). OM = organic matter Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by legumes exhibited a range of 27 to 56 kg/ha in Nepal [28]. Additionally, Bokhtiar et al [29] noted a nitrogen fixation or incorporation rate of 40 kg/ha specifically with Sesbania aculata as green manure.…”

Section: Pesticides Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Economic Modeling of Conventional and Organic Farming Systems in Chitwan Nepal

Bastakoti

2023

CJMS

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A study in Chitwan, Nepal, aimed to compare economic and environmental factors between organic and conventional farming. Fifty-three farms (20 organic, 33 conventional) in Fulbari and Jagatpur villages of Chitwan district were surveyed for collecting data and analysis. Detailed data from 16 farms (eight from each organic and conventional farms) were used for modeling, focusing on input/output factors using linear programming. The average farm size of one hectare with sandy loam soil was selected for this analysis. An empirical analysis and a linear programming model were conducted to compare both organic and conventional farms. The model revealed that a cropping cycle involving carrots and other vegetables was key for achieving higher gross margins in both farming systems. Interestingly, a cropping cycle with 30% land allocated to legume crops showed higher variable costs and gross margins compared to one with 50% land dedicated to legume crops. Organic farming with a specific cropping cycle involving rice-broad bean-maize demonstrated superior environmental outcomes compared to the same cycle in conventional farming, particularly in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus surplus. Despite both types of farming being labor-intensive, the observed differences in labor use between organic and conventional farming were not significant for particular crops. However, when the model selected the optimal production plan, it showed that labor use was lower in organic farming than in conventional farming. The study concluded that while conventional farms exhibited higher economic performance, organic farming showcased better environmental outcomes, especially concerning nitrogen and phosphorus surplus. The continuation of organic farming is seen as crucial in supporting superior environmental performance at the farm level, rather than solely prioritizing increased production through conventional methods. To bridge the economic and environmental gap between organic and conventional farming for an optimal farm plan, further in-depth studies are essential, considering local factors such as labor availability, timely access to markets for organic products, and the specific cropping plans for optimal farm performance.

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“…While the recommended does for low-land rice is 100 kg N ha -1 , in 2000 farmers were reported to apply less than 30 kg ha -1 yr -1 [8]. Under such criteria, the proficient use of systems internal resources like recycling crop residues and manures, the addition of N by biological nitrogen fixation and minimization of nutrient losses must be exploited to a larger extent than at present [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bare mungbean, fallow, mucuna, and maize along with two levels of wheat straw i.e. 0 and 2 Mgha-1[9]. During dry-to-wet season transition period of rice-wheat system, when fields are left to bare, fallow massive loss of soil nitrogen occurs which can be avoided by returning the wheat straw into the plots itself instead of removal and burning which reduces nitrate leaching losses by temporary N immobilization and N 2 O emission[9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During dry-to-wet season transition period of rice-wheat system, when fields are left to bare, fallow massive loss of soil nitrogen occurs which can be avoided by returning the wheat straw into the plots itself instead of removal and burning which reduces nitrate leaching losses by temporary N immobilization and N 2 O emission[9]. It also preserves the soil moisture, improves the physical property of the soil and microbial activity of the soil[9].Soil Management for lowland rice• Organic fertilizer: Uniform application of manure, straw, tree leaves, compost and rice husk across the field shortly before land preparation is vital. The recommended quantity is 2 tons per hectare [18].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Study of Management Practices for Lowland Rice in Nepalese Context

Neupane¹,

Khadka²

2019

Act Scie Agri

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Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important food crop for the Nepalese population. Total rice production should be amplified to feed the increasing population of Nepal. Rice varieties like CH 45, Chaite 2, Hardinath, Masuli, Makwanpur 1 etc are cultivated in Terai; Taichung 176, Khumal 11, Rhada 4 etc are prominent in mid-hills and Palung 2, Machhapuchhre 3, Chandannath 1 and 3 etc are grown in high-hills under lowland condition. The anaerobic environment in rice field is created by flood-irrigation that results in a unique and challenging environment for efficient management of soil. Use of organic fertilizers and right land management practices can increase the yield up to 4.9 tons/ha. Supplying essential nutrients at right doses from the right sources with correct application methods and times are important factors to increase the productivity and sustainability of rice. Plus, following the integrated weed management system including different herbicides, hoeing at 30 and 45 days after transplanting in addition to weedy check gives the best result over traditional hand weeding. This review emphasizes in current, research-based knowledge of management practices in rice for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of lowland rice and identifies where more research is essential. 15 families ravaged the paddy [11]. The dominant weeds in lowland paddy field were found to be Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria, E. crus-galli, and Ageratum conyzoides [12].

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Soil Management for Better Nutrition of Lowland Rice

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Soil mineral nitrogen and microbial parameters as influenced by catch crops and straw management

Soil mineral nitrogen and microbial parameters as influenced by catch crops and straw management

Bio-Economic Modeling of Conventional and Organic Farming Systems in Chitwan Nepal

Study of Management Practices for Lowland Rice in Nepalese Context

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