Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important food crop for the Nepalese population. Total rice production should be amplified to feed the increasing population of Nepal. Rice varieties like CH 45, Chaite 2, Hardinath, Masuli, Makwanpur 1 etc are cultivated in Terai; Taichung 176, Khumal 11, Rhada 4 etc are prominent in mid-hills and Palung 2, Machhapuchhre 3, Chandannath 1 and 3 etc are grown in high-hills under lowland condition. The anaerobic environment in rice field is created by flood-irrigation that results in a unique and challenging environment for efficient management of soil. Use of organic fertilizers and right land management practices can increase the yield up to 4.9 tons/ha. Supplying essential nutrients at right doses from the right sources with correct application methods and times are important factors to increase the productivity and sustainability of rice. Plus, following the integrated weed management system including different herbicides, hoeing at 30 and 45 days after transplanting in addition to weedy check gives the best result over traditional hand weeding. This review emphasizes in current, research-based knowledge of management practices in rice for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of lowland rice and identifies where more research is essential. 15 families ravaged the paddy [11]. The dominant weeds in lowland paddy field were found to be Echinochloa colona, Cyperus iria, E. crus-galli, and Ageratum conyzoides [12].
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