Soil horizon designation: State of the art, problems, and proposals

Герасимова, М. И.; Lebedeva, I. I.; Хитров, Н. Б.

doi:10.1134/s1064229313050037

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 123 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…c Provided only when the sum of clay, silt and sand fraction is ≥ 90 % and ≤ 100 %. d Where available, the "cleaned" (original) layer and horizon designation is provided for general information; these codes have not been standardised as they vary widely between different classification systems (Bridges, 1993;Gerasimova et al, 2013). When horizon designations are not provided in the source databases, we have flagged all layers with an upper depth given as being negative (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2019)

Batjes

Ribeiro

Oostrum

2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

237

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) provides quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broadscale levels. Since the release of the first “WoSIS snapshot”, in July 2016, many new soil data were shared with us, registered in the ISRIC data repository and subsequently standardised in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. Soil profile data managed in WoSIS were contributed by a wide range of data providers; therefore, special attention was paid to measures for soil data quality and the standardisation of soil property definitions, soil property values (and units of measurement) and soil analytical method descriptions. We presently consider the following soil chemical properties: organic carbon, total carbon, total carbonate equivalent, total nitrogen, phosphorus (extractable P, total P and P retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity. We also consider the following physical properties: soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments and water retention. Both of these sets of properties are grouped according to analytical procedures that are operationally comparable. Further, for each profile we provide the original soil classification (FAO, WRB, USDA), version and horizon designations, insofar as these have been specified in the source databases. Measures for geographical accuracy (i.e. location) of the point data, as well as a first approximation for the uncertainty associated with the operationally defined analytical methods, are presented for possible consideration in digital soil mapping and subsequent earth system modelling. The latest (dynamic) set of quality-assessed and standardised data, called “wosis_latest”, is freely accessible via an OGC-compliant WFS (web feature service). For consistent referencing, we also provide time-specific static “snapshots”. The present snapshot (September 2019) is comprised of 196 498 geo-referenced profiles originating from 173 countries. They represent over 832 000 soil layers (or horizons) and over 5.8 million records. The actual number of observations for each property varies (greatly) between profiles and with depth, generally depending on the objectives of the initial soil sampling programmes. In the coming years, we aim to fill gradually gaps in the geographic distribution and soil property data themselves, this subject to the sharing of a wider selection of soil profile data for so far under-represented areas and properties by our existing and prospective partners. Part of this work is foreseen in conjunction within the Global Soil Information System (GloSIS) being developed by the Global Soil Partnership (GSP). The “WoSIS snapshot – September 2019” is archived and freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils.20190901 (Batjes et al., 2019).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardised soil profile data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2019)

Batjes

Ribeiro

Oostrum

2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

237

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The zip file (446 Gb) includes a "readme" file, the data in TSV format (see Appendix C) respectively in OGC GeoPackage format. Where available, the "cleaned" (original) layer/horizon designation is provided for general information; these codes have not been standardised as they vary widely between different classification systems (Bridges, 1993;Gerasimova et al, 2013). When no horizon designations are provided in the source data bases,…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing quality-assessed and standardised soil data to support global mapping and modelling (WoSIS snapshot 2023)

Batjes,

Calisto,

de Sousa

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Snapshots derived from the World Soil Information Service (WoSIS) are served freely to the international community. These static datasets provide quality-assessed and standardised soil profile data that can be used to support digital soil mapping and environmental applications at broad scale levels. Since the release of the preceding snapshot in 2019, new ETL (Extract, Load, Transform) procedures for screening, ingesting and standardising disparate source data have been developed. In conjunction with this, the WoSIS data model was overhauled making it compatible with the ISO 28258 and Observations and Measurements (O&M) domain models. Additional procedures for querying, serving, and downloading the publicly available standardised data have been implemented using open software (e.g. GraphQL API). Following up on a short discussion of these methodological developments we discuss the structure and content of the “WoSIS 2023-snapshot”. A range of new soil datasets was shared with us, registered in the ISRIC World Data Centre for Soils (WDC-Soils) data repository, and subsequently processed in accordance with the licences specified by the data providers. An important effort has been the processing of forest soil data collated in the framework of the EU-HoliSoils project. We paid special attention to the standardisation of soil property definitions, description of the soil analytical procedures, and standardisation of the units of measurement. The “2023 snapshot” considers the following soil chemical properties (total carbon, organic carbon, inorganic carbon (total carbonate equivalent), total nitrogen, phosphorus (extractable-P, total-P, and P-retention), soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity) and physical properties (soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density, coarse fragments, and water retention), grouped according to analytical procedures that are operationally comparable. Method options are defined for each analytical procedure (e.g. pH measured in water, KCl or CaCl2 solution, molarity of the solution, and soil/solution ratio). For each profile we also provide the original soil classification (i.e. FAO, WRB and USDA system with their version) and pedological horizon designations as far as these have been specified in the source databases. Three measures for “fitness-for-intended-use” are provided to facilitate informed data use: a) positional uncertainty of the profile’s site location, b) possible uncertainty associated with the operationally defined analytical procedures, and c) date of sampling. The most recent (i.e. dynamic) dataset, called wosis_latest, is freely accessible via various webservices. To permit consistent referencing and citation we also provide a static snapshot (in casu, December 2023). This snapshot comprises quality-assessed and standardised data for 228 k geo-referenced profiles. The data come from 174 countries and represent more than 900 k soil layers (or horizons) and over 6 million records. The number of measurements for each soil property vary (greatly) between proﬁles and with depth, this generally depending on the objectives of the initial soil sampling programmes. In the coming years, we aim to gradually fill gaps in the geographic distribution of the profiles, as well as in the soil observations themselves, this subject to the sharing of a wider selection of “public” soil data by prospective data contributors. The WoSIS 2023-snapshot is archived and freely available at https://doi.org/10.17027/isric-wdcsoils-20231130 (Calisto et al., 2023).

show abstract

“…Horizon designations provide a shorthand way of recording and communicating soil profile observations (Bridges, 1993;Papadakis, 1964). Horizon designations have changed over time in different soil classification systems (Gerasimova et al, 2013). In Soil Taxonomy and WRB, three types of symbols are used: capital letters, lower case letters, and Arabic numerals.…”

Section: Horizon Delineationmentioning

confidence: 99%