Soil Fungal Resources in Annual Cropping Systems and Their Potential for Management

Abstract

Soil fungi are a critical component of agroecosystems and provide ecological services that impact the production of food and bioproducts. Effective management of fungal resources is essential to optimize the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. In this review, we (i) highlight the functional groups of fungi that play key roles in agricultural ecosystems, (ii) examine the influence of agronomic practices on these fungi, and (iii) propose ways to improve the management and contribution of soil fungi to annual cropping systems. Many of these key soil fungal organisms (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal root endophytes) interact directly with plants and are determinants of the efficiency of agroecosystems. In turn, plants largely control rhizosphere fungi through the production of carbon and energy rich compounds and of bioactive phytochemicals, making them a powerful tool for the management of soil fungal diversity in agriculture. The use of crop rotations and selection of optimal plant genotypes can be used to improve soil biodiversity and promote beneficial soil fungi. In addition, other agronomic practices (e.g., no-till, microbial inoculants, and biochemical amendments) can be used to enhance the effect of beneficial fungi and increase the health and productivity of cultivated soils.

Diversity and distribution of the endophytic fungal community in eucalyptus leaves

“…In this study, the largest differences in endophytic fungal diversity among the plants from Catas Altas (younger) and Santa Bárbara (older) can be attributed to plant age (Table 3). In addition, other variables, such as cultivation and rotation cycles (Ellouze et al, 2014), nutrient and sugar levels in the leaves, and other characteristics (Lang et al, 2011), may together have affected the differences between the diversity indices at the two sites. Notably, the forest in Catas Altas is currently in the seventh farming cycle, first implemented in December 1970, and the forest in Santa Bárbara is currently in the third farming cycle, first implemented in December 1989.…”

“…Notably, the forest in Catas Altas is currently in the seventh farming cycle, first implemented in December 1970, and the forest in Santa Bárbara is currently in the third farming cycle, first implemented in December 1989. The crop and rotation cycles can affect the fungal community of the soil A B (Ellouze et al, 2014) and, consequently, endophytic colonization, considering that leaves contain many endophytic microorganisms that originate from the soil (Sprent and Defaria, 1988;Hardoim et al, 2008;Van Der Lelie et al, 2009). Additionally, other factors may also contribute to differences in the endophytic communities, such as changes in leaf physiology and the presence of chemical substances, such as phenolic compounds, that can limit the richness of microbial species.…”

Agronomic Advancement in Tillage, Crop Rotation, Soil Health and Genetic Gain in Durum Wheat Cultivation: a 17-year Canadian Story

“…Beneficial soil fungi present a great opportunity to make global agriculture more efficient, sustainable and productive [119,120]. Therefore, it is critical that crop genotypes be assessed for symbiotic potential, that crop genomes are mapped to uncover the traits associated with mycorrhizal partnership, and that these traits are linked to productivity and food nutrition.…”

Impacts of Cropping Systems on the Distribution of Soil Microorganisms in Mid-mountainous Paddy

“…이러한 작부체계를 통한 토양의 건전성 관리는 곧 토양 내 양분의 유효화와 물리성의 개선, 병해 경감 등의 직‧간접작용으로 작물의 성장을 돕는 유용미생물 관리로 집 약될 수 있다 (Beare et al, 1995;Dias et al, 2014;Ellouze et al, 2014;van der Heijden et al, 1998). 그리고 경작지 미생물의 분포와 활동은 재배작물 (Baon et al, 1993;Kim and Lee, 1992;Nelson et al, 2008)을 비롯한 경지이용형태 (He et al, 2012;Kang et al, 1997), 유기물 및 비료의 사용 정도 Muthukumarasamy et al, 2007)와 이에 따른 토양의 물리화학적 특성 (Gupta and Germida, 1988;Lee and Ha, 2011) Table 1과 같았다.…”