Soil disturbance following four wheel rubber skidder logging on the steep trail in the north mountainous forest of Iran

Najafi, Arezu; Solgi, Ahmad; Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza

doi:10.1016/j.still.2008.10.003

Cited by 67 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…When the skidder passes more slowly on a steep slope, the top soil is obviously vibrated Table 2. Percentage of increasing in soil bulk density (g•cm -3 ) from post-skidding to pre-skidding for each slope class and effect of slope on soil bulk density more and consequently gets more disturbances compared to a gentle trail (Najafi et al 2009). As a whole, the effects of slope and traffic frequency significantly influenced bulk density changes (P < 0.001) but the interaction between slope and traffic frequency was not significant (P = 0.254) ( Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest

Agherkakli¹,

Najafi²,

Sadeghi³

2010

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:In this study, the effects of slope and traffic intensity on soil compaction, rutting and forest floor removal was evaluated on a skid trail in the natural forest of north of Iran. Combination of two levels of slope < 20% (SC1) and > 20% (SC2) and three levels of traffic (one, five and nine traffics) were studied. Treatment plots, with three replications, were established on the skid trail prior to skidding. The results of this study showed that all bulk densities were considerably higher in SC2 than in SC1 and average soil bulk densities were measured from 1.07 (g•cm -3 ) to 1.23 (g•cm -3 ) on skid trail and 0.91 (g•cm -3 ) in undisturbed areas. With the increment of traffic, soil compaction increased but there was no significant difference among the three levels of traffic frequency in SC1 whereas it was significant between one and five cycles in SC2. Greatest rut depth was measured as 12 cm at nine traffics in SC2, although increase of traffic density caused deeper rut depth at all slope treatments, but it was higher at the SC2 in comparison to SC1. Litter mass decreased considerably on the skid trail with the increasing in slope and traffic. No important difference has been detected between SC1 and SC2 in terms of Litter mass removal. These results provide clear evidence that soil disturbance on steep trail is intensified. 279Several studies have examined the relationship between soil disturbance and the associated number of loaded machine passes. The majority of previous studies investigated the effects of wheeled skidders on soil disturbance while a few studies assessed the impacts of steel tracked skidders whereas in many forest areas, particularly in steep terrain with large trees and high precipitation rates, these machines are likely to remain the most common type of skidding machine used.In mountainous and steep areas, the terrain slope is an important factor that affects operational efficiency, costs and erosion. It may also affect the soil compaction, so in planning forest operations and aligning skid trails the terrain slope may be an important consideration for protecting soil resources (Jamshidi et al. 2008).The objectives of this investigation were to (1) assess the soil disturbance after ground based logging by a steel tracked skidder and (2) determine the effects of slope on the soil disturbance in a skid trail. MATERIAL AND METHODSA field study was conducted at a Forestry Experimental Station of Tarbiat Modares University, located in a temperate forest in the north of Iran, between 36°31'56''N and 36°32'11''N latitudes and 51°47'49''E and 51°47'56''E longitudes, in February 2008. The elevation is approximately 650 m a.s.l. with western aspect, while the average annual rainfall of 1,308 mm has been recorded.The natural vegetation is a deciduous forest with dominant species of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus [L.]) and beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky).Soil samples for detecting the soil texture were collected at ten random points from the top of the 50 cm deep soil profile from an undistu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest

Agherkakli¹,

Najafi²,

Sadeghi³

2010

J. For. Sci.

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“…There were no statistical differences between the different slopes analyzed for TP and Ma (Table 2). In the northern mountainous forest of Iran, Najafi et al (2009) also found that TP was similar on slopes of 9 and 15 %. For sampling position, higher TP and Ma were observed in the inter-rows than in the wheel tracks (upper and lower), while upper and lower tracks had similar values ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Jamshidi et al (2008) noted that in hilly terrain the load distribution between the tires is uneven, exposing the soil to a higher peak dynamic load. Najafi et al (2009) also found that the slope influences the surface impact of vehicle wheels even at unchanged traffic intensity. They further mentioned that during machine slippage in steep terrain, the load is applied unevenly on the revolving axis, thus the impact on the ground under this axis changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Influence of field slope and coffee plantation age on the physical properties of a red-yellow Latosol

Iori

Dias

Ajayi

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYIn modern agriculture, several factors cause changes in the soil physical properties. The time of establishment of a crop (plantation age) and the slope are examples of factors that moderate the impact of mechanized operations on the soil structure. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of machinery traffic on the physical properties of a Red-Yellow Latosol under coffee plantations with different ages (2, 7, 18, and 33 years) and slope positions (3, 9 and 15 %). Samples were collected from three positions between coffee rows (lower wheel track, interrow and upper wheel track) and at two depths (surface layer and sub-surface). Changes in the total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, organic matter, bulk density, and aggregate stability were investigated. Our results showed that the slope influenced the organic matter content, microporosity and aggregate stability. The soil samples under the inter-row were minimally damaged in their structure, compared to those from under the lower and upper wheel track, while the structure was better preserved under the lower than the upper track. The time since the establishment of the crop, i.e., the plantation age, was the main factor determining the extent of structural degradation in the coffee plantation.Index terms: agricultural traffic, Coffea arabica L., soil degradation, aggregate stability.( Vários fatores causam alterações nas propriedades físicas do solo na agricultura moderna. O tempo de cultivo da cultura e a inclinação da área cultivada são exemplos de fatores que podem influenciar, bem como prejudicar, a estrutura do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em plantações de café com diferentes idades de cultivo e com diferentes declividades na entrelinha, o efeito do tráfego de máquinas sobre as propriedades físicas do solo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Selecionaram-se plantações de café com tempos de cultivo de 2, 7, 18 e 33 anos. Nessas plantações, foram selecionadas áreas (entrelinha do café) com inclinação lateral de 3, 9 e 15 %. O solo foi amostrado em três posições na entrelinha do café: linha de tráfego de baixo, linha de tráfego de cima e entre as linhas de tráfego (entrelinha). Amostras de solo foram coletadas em duas camadas (superficial e subsuperficial). As propriedades investigadas foram: porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, matéria orgânica, densidade e estabilidade de agregados. A declividade da entrelinha do cafeeiro influenciou a matéria orgânica e algumas propriedades físicas do solo, como microporosidade e estabilidade de agregados. As amostras na entrelinha (entre as linhas de tráfego) foram as que apresentaram os melhores resultados em termos de preservação da estrutura do solo, em relação às amostras das linhas de tráfegos (de baixo e de cima); as amostras da linha de tráfego de baixo evidenciaram melhores resultados em termos de preservação da estrutura do solo do que a linha de tráfego de cima. Observou-se que o tempo de cultivo da cultura foi o principal fator que ...

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“…A considerable deal of investigations has addressed the soil damage such as soil compaction, rutting, and displacement during harvesting in these forests (Najafi et al 2009;Majnounian, Jourgholami 2013). Previous results indicate that soil damage during logging operations has different destructive effects such as modifying soil structural properties (Najafi et al 2009), increasing soil bulk density (Ezzati et al 2014), restricting water and air transport into soils (Cambi et al 2015), decreasing soil porosity (Agherkakli et al 2014), intensifying soil erosion risk (Ezzati et al 2014) and reducing soil sustainability (Majnounian, Jourgholami 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques

Shabani¹

2017

J. For. Sci.

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Shabani S. (2017): Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques. J. For. Sci., Controlling the soil damage caused by forest harvesting has a key role in forest management due to its effect on forest dynamics and productivity, mainly through modifying the physical, mechanical, and hydrological context of soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil damage susceptibility in one of the Caspian forests, Iran. For this purpose, two data mining techniques including classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest (RF) were applied. A total of 224 soil damage locations were identified primarily from field surveys. Then, 10 conditioning variables were produced in GIS. For model performance, the outputs of the analyses were compared with the field-verified soil damage locations. Our results show that slope degree, soil type, and slope aspect had the highest weight on soil damage, in the order of their appurtenance. Additionally, according to the relative operating characteristics curve, RF is a more suitable prediction model for soil damage zoning compared to CART. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that soil damage susceptibility mapping is an effective technique for Caspian forests, Iran.

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Soil disturbance following four wheel rubber skidder logging on the steep trail in the north mountainous forest of Iran

Cited by 67 publications

References 21 publications

Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest

Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest

Influence of field slope and coffee plantation age on the physical properties of a red-yellow Latosol

Modelling and mapping of soil damage caused by harvesting in Caspian forests (Iran) using CART and RF data mining techniques

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