Soil compaction of various Central European forest soils caused by traffic of forestry machines with various chassis

Allman, Michal; Martin, Jay K.; Messingerová, Valéria; Allmanová, Zuzana; Ferenčík, Michal

doi:10.5424/fs/2015243-07541

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…An important factor differentiating soil changes after harvesting is the impact of different machinery. Allman et al [27] compared the influence of different logging machines on soil compaction and reported that all wheeled machines caused the same amount of soil compaction in the ruts, despite differences in tires, machine weight, etc. Cambi et al [28] studied the effect of bogie tracks on the physical properties of the soil during forwarding operations in a coniferous stand in northeastern Italy.…”

Section: Howmentioning

confidence: 99%

How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?

2020

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Purpose of Review Lowering the impact of forest utilisation on the forest environment is a part of the improvement in sustainable forest management. As part of forest utilisation, timber harvesting can also cause environmental implications. The main impact of forest operations is on the soil, on regeneration and on the residual stand. The aim of the present review was to identify the state of the art in forest utilisation, identifying how and how much forest operations affect forest soil, regeneration and the remaining stand. Particular attention was paid to the level of impact and potential to limit this. Recent Findings There are a large number of publications tackling forest harvesting, but most of them do not give a comprehensive framework and they mainly focus on one or very few aspects of forest damage. In order to improve general knowledge of the impact of forest operations, it was proposed that the scope of recent findings should be examined and a compilation of the available results from different regions should be presented in one paper. Summary It was found that the least impactful machine-based forest operations were harvester-forwarder technologies, while a larger scale of damage could be expected from ground-based extraction systems (skidders) and cable yarders. Animal power, if applicable, tended to be very neutral to the forest environment. A decrease in damage is possible by optimising skid trail and strip road planning, careful completion of forest operations and training for operators. The existence of legal documents controlling post-harvesting stand damage are rare and have been implemented in only two countries; there is no post-harvesting control on soil damage and natural regeneration.

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Section: Howmentioning

confidence: 99%

How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?

2020

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“…Soil degradation is caused by many factors, including deforestation, infrastructure development, and construction, but inappropriate management of agricultural land is also a major cause (Terranova et al, 2009;Nunes et al, 2011). For example, increased mechanization and size of farm machinery has caused extensive soil compaction (a major factor in soil degradation) (Beylich et al, 2010;Allman et al, 2015); continuous tillage, which disrupts soil structure and increases soil organic matter loss, has accelerated rates of soil erosion in parts of the world (Martinez-Casasnovas and Ramos, 2009;Don et al, 2010;Crittenden et al, 2015); heavy grazing by livestock leaves land sparsely vegetated, compacted, and vulnerable to soil erosion (Lal, 1990;Nunes et al, 2011); and leaving cropland without a protective vegetative cover causes declines in soil organic matter content and leaves soil exposed to the erosive forces of wind and rain (Lal, 1990;Pimentel et al, 1995). Evidence is accumulating that intensive farming practices reduce the diversity and complexity of soil food webs (Tsiafouli et al, 2016), which has consequences for the functioning of soil and its ability to buffer against extreme weather events (De Vries et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils

Key

Whitfield

Cooper

et al. 2016

SOIL

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Abstract. The goal of this study is to clarify research needs and identify effective practices for enhancing soil health. This was done by a synopsis of soil literature that specifically tests practices designed to maintain or enhance elements of soil health. Using an expert panel of soil scientists and practitioners, we then assessed the evidence in the soil synopsis to highlight practices beneficial to soil health, practices considered detrimental, and practices that need further investigation. A partial Spearman's correlation was used to analyse the panel's responses. We found that increased certainty in scientific evidence led to practices being considered to be more effective due to them being empirically justified. This suggests that for practices to be considered effective and put into practice, a substantial body of research is needed to support the effectiveness of the practice. This is further supported by the high proportion of practices (33 %), such as changing the timing of ploughing or amending the soil with crops grown as green manures, that experts felt had unknown effectiveness, usually due to insufficiently robust evidence. Only 7 of the 27 reviewed practices were considered to be beneficial, or likely to be beneficial in enhancing soil health. These included the use of (1) integrated nutrient management (organic and inorganic amendments); (2) cover crops; (3) crop rotations; (4) intercropping between crop rows or underneath the main crop; (5) formulated chemical compounds (such as nitrification inhibitors); (6) control of traffic and traffic timing; and (7) reducing grazing intensity. Our assessment, which uses the Delphi technique, is increasingly used to improve decision-making in conservation and agricultural policy, identified practices that can be put into practice to benefit soil health. Moreover, it has enabled us to identify practices that need further research and a need for increased communication between researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners, in order to find effective means of enhancing soil health.

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“…The density increase recorded for the mechanized CTL treatment was significantly higher than for the manual CTL treatment. As soil compaction is highly complex and a very recent research topic [46][47][48][49][50], further analysis should be conducted if this indicator is of crucial importance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Thinning Operations in Mediterranean Softwood Plantations

Schweier

Spinelli

Magagnotti

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:Mediterranean pines account for 14,000 ha in Tuscany alone, where they form large and homogeneous stands and represent an important resource for the forest economy. Among the harvesting systems applied to thinning operations, the most popular are whole-tree and cut-to-length harvestings. Both systems can be deployed with different levels of mechanization. The decision about which system might be the best option in a specific case possibly leads to conflicts due to different management goals, for instance when the shift from cut-to-length to whole-tree harvesting systems results in a decrease of costs and an increase of environmental burdens. Thus, an accurate determination of economic, environmental and social indicators is crucial to make balanced decisions. With that in mind, we carried out a sustainability impact assessment of typical forest-wood chain alternatives applied to young Mediterranean pine plantations and made a comparative evaluation by means of multi-criteria analyses. Trials were carried out in umbrella pine (Pinus pinea L.) plantations in Tuscany. The analyzed cases considered four thinning operations and included the processes of harvesting, extraction and chipping. In the analysis, 12 indicators were considered (e.g., global warming potential, fatal accidents). Results of the investigation allow quantifying possible sustainability impacts and, thus, supporting management decisions.

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Soil compaction of various Central European forest soils caused by traffic of forestry machines with various chassis

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?

How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?

Knowledge needs, available practices, and future challenges in agricultural soils

Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Thinning Operations in Mediterranean Softwood Plantations

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