Soil compaction due to agricultural machinery impact

Mileusnić, Zoran; Saljnikov, Elmira; Radojević, Rade; Petrović, Dragan

doi:10.1016/j.jterra.2021.12.002

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the 11-20 cm depth, it increased by 6% to 1.7 MPa after weeding. An increase in soil PR is accompanied by an increase in bulk density, a decrease in soil porosity, and a decrease in the supply of moisture and nutrients to the plant, which inhibits the development of the plant root system [69]. The weed control process at a depth of 21-30 cm did not affect the PR and the average soil PR here was 3.4 MPa.…”

Section: Soil Penetration Resistancementioning

confidence: 79%

Weeding Effectiveness and Changes in Soil Physical Properties Using Inter-Row Hoeing and a Robot

2022

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Weed control is one of the most important technological operations to ensure crop yield and quality in ecological sugar beet production. However, conventional mechanical weed control is labor- and time-intensive and has adverse effects on the soil and the environment. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the influence of conventional mechanical and robotic weed control systems on soil properties and to assess the effectiveness of these different weed control methods in ecological sugar beet production. This study examines two different weed control systems: robotic weed control (RWC) and conventional weed control (CWC). Field experimental studies were carried out with a solar-powered field robot and conventional inter-row cultivation (CWC1—first cultivation, CWC2—second cultivation) to determine the effectiveness of mechanical weed control in ecological sugar beet crops. The influence of different weed control systems on the physical properties of the soil in the contact zone between the soil and the tires of weed control machines was investigated. The results showed that the average weed control effectiveness inter-row was higher in the RWC (81%) compared to that in the CWC2 (46%). The overall weed control effectiveness of the robotic weed control in the sugar beet inter-row and intra-row was around 49%. The measurements showed that the weed control process reduced the soil moisture and temperature in all treatments tested. Experimental studies have confirmed that the weed control operation, although carried out with relatively lightweight robots, also has an impact on soil bulk density. RWC weed control resulted in an average increase of 0.16 g cm–3 in soil bulk density in the topsoil layer (0–10 cm) after weeding. Both CWC1 and RWC increased soil penetration resistance (PR). For CWC1, the average increase in topsoil PR after weed control was 20%, while for RWC, the increase was marginal, only around 1%. Automated precision weed control by self-propelled solar-powered field robots is an important solution to reduce the need for tedious and time-consuming manual weeding.

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Section: Soil Penetration Resistancementioning

confidence: 79%

Weeding Effectiveness and Changes in Soil Physical Properties Using Inter-Row Hoeing and a Robot

2022

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“…Minimum tillage has the following objectives: (1) reducing the number of machine passages required for sowing; (2) minimising the interference on the physical fertility of the soil; (3) streamlining the preparation times for crop rotation; and (4) reducing cultivation costs [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lower loss of soil and nutrients, together with a more rapid degradation of pesticides and greater adsorption (determined by an increase in the organic substance content and biological activity) in turn, leads to an improvement in water quality. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions decrease as a result of a reduced use of machinery and an increased accumulation of organic carbon [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, compared with conservative agriculture, the costs of labour and energy that are related to the operations of preparation and weeding of the land decrease significantly, and the need for fertilizers and interventions for the recovery of the land also decreases [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same authors have shown that minimal tillage has less invasive consequences on the soil [17,18]. They used four different tractors and adapted the tillage and seeding technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Compaction in Harvesting Operations of Phalaris arundinacea L.

Bianchini

Alemanno

Stefano

et al. 2022

Land

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Tillage and harvesting operations of perennial forage crops have problems with soil compaction. The effects of this phenomenon are soil deterioration with reduced crop performance and yield. This study aims to assess soil disturbance by measuring the level of compaction caused by the harvesting operations of Phalaris arundinacea L. P. arundinacea is a species that lends itself to biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils; it adapts to difficult soil conditions, outperforming other species in terms of ease of planting, cost, maturity time, yield, and contamination levels. The crop was sown in three plots of the experimental teaching farm of the University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. Following a detailed analysis of the chemical–physical characteristics of the soil, minimum tillage was chosen in order to concentrate on harvesting operations, which were carried out with a disc mower coupled to a tractor. This was followed by penetration resistance and soil moisture measurements to verify the incidence of the operations and the effect of the type of crop on compaction. On the study site, measurements were taken at points that the wheels of the tractor had gone over and at points that they had not. The soil analysis results indicate different chemical–physical characteristics between the two areas, the texture being frankly sandy to clayey. Penetration resistance measurements indicated differences for the first 20 cm between the part that was covered by the tractor’s tyres and the part that was left touched but also between the three plots. Moisture influenced penetration resistance. This study provides an evaluation of the first data obtained from a project that will last four years and which will explore the dynamics between soil, cultivation, and harvesting operations, giving a fundamental basis for further investigation of further harvesting operations and soil characteristics, which are crucial for planning and managing crops and reducing impacts on the soil in order to preserve it.

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