Soil compaction caused by harvesting, skidding and wood processing in eucalyptus forests on coarse‐textured tropical soils

Tassinari, Diego; Andrade, Maria Luiza de Carvalho; Dias, Moacir de Souza; Martins, Ricardo Previdente; Rocha, Wellington Willian; Pais, Paula Sant’ Anna Moreira; Souza, Zélio Resende de

doi:10.1111/sum.12509

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Regarding machines, another important factor to mitigate the impacts on soil properties is strictly related with the importance in choosing the most suitable machine for specific worksite conditions [79,80,96,97]. In this context, the debate on the best choice between traditional or mechanized harvesting systems is very active, where "traditional" means low mechanized systems including the use of chainsaw for felling and processing, and farm tractors adapted for forestry for bunching and extraction [97][98][99].…”

Section: Machine Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, several authors have reported a series of recommendations to mitigate impacts on soil physical properties. Many authors agree on the fundamental need to have a correct and rational planning of forest roads and machine operating trails in particular [38,87,96,100]. On the other hand, some authors recommend to reduce the number of trails in order to concentrate impacts on limited surfaces [38], while others suggest to limit the number of passes in a single trail recommending the creation of more trails to distribute soil compaction in the forest [100].…”

Section: Machines Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important considering that the negative effects of traffic in terms of increased bulk density are extended up to 1 m far from tracks, enlarging the total damaged forest surface [15]. Moreover, trails must be maintained and restored to minimize erosion risks [79] and they should be used in dry conditions [15,80,96,97,102]. When it is not possible and work is necessary in wet conditions, the use of tracked tractors is recommended and preferred to wheeled [90].…”

Section: Machines Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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Purpose of Review Ground-based mechanized forest operations can cause severe soil disturbances that are often long lasting and detrimental to the health of forested ecosystems. To reduce these soil disturbances, focus is being increasingly directed at identifying and using appropriate mitigation techniques. This systematic review considered 104 scientific articles and reported the main findings according to four core themes: terrain-related factors, operational planning, machine modifications, and types of amendments used to mitigate machine-induced soil impacts. Recent Findings For terrain-related factors, most severe disturbances occur on machine operating trails exceeding 20% slope and that soil bulk density and rut depth show greater increases in fine-textured soils. When considering operational planning, trafficability maps proved to be helpful in reducing the frequency and magnitude of soil damages as well as the length of trails needed within harvest sites, especially if they are regularly updated with weather information. Machine modifications, through high flotation tires, use of extra bogie axle, lower inflation pressure, and use of steel flexibles tracks, are highly researched topics because of the considerable upside in terms of machine ground pressure distribution and increased traction. Two main types of amendments emerged to mitigate soil disturbances: brush mats and mulch cover. Brush mats created from harvesting debris can spread the load of a machine to a greater area thereby lowering peak loads transferred to the soil. Brush mats of 15–20 kg m−2 are being recommended for adequate soil protection from harvesting operations. Summary To conclude, we outline recommendations and strategies on the use of soil mitigation techniques within cut-to-length forest operations. New research opportunities are also identified and discussed. Considering single factors causing machine-induced soil disturbances remains important but there is a pressing need for having a multi-disciplinary approach to tackle the complex problems associated with machine/soil/plant interactions.

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Section: Machine Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Machines Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Machines Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

et al. 2022

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“…Após 10 anos de área de cerrado ter sido convertida em eucaliptocultura foi verificado um aumento na densidade do solo, o que reduziu a dinâmica hídrica e atmosférica do solo em relação à vegetação nativa (Cavenage et al, 1999). Além disso, o intenso tráfego de maquinários em áreas de eucalipto, para o corte e transporte da madeira, resulta no aumento da densidade e redução da porosidade do solo devido à compactação, interferindo, de forma negativa, na dinâmica da água e circulação de ar no perfil do solo (Silva et al, 2007, Reichert et al, 2007Tassinari et al, 2019). Assim, entre as medidas para mitigar os impactos negativos no solo, resultante da eucaliptocultura, estão: a realização de subsolagem do terreno no sentido perpendicular ao de maior declividade ou em nível; a adoção de técnicas mecânicas, edáficas e vegetativas de conservação do solo; manter restos da exploração do eucalipto no solo; o uso de equipamentos pneumáticos com maior área de contato no solo para máquinas pesadas; o descarte, segregação e destinação correta de resíduos sólidos de acordo com as normas vigentes (Rodrigues et al, 2021); a adoção de estratégias de manejo visando evitar a compactação do solo considerando o modelo de capacidade de carga do solo (Tassinari et al, 2019) e realizar a manutenção do maquinário e veículos em local próprio, com sistema de tratamento de efluentes, de forma a evitar a contaminação do solo.…”

Section: Impactos Adversos Oriundos Da Produção De Eucalyptusunclassified

Expansão e impactos socioambientais da cultura de Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) no Brasil: um panorama da literatura

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Morais

Santos

et al. 2022

RSD

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No Brasil Eucalyptus tem sido um gênero muito cultivado por apresentar características comerciais desejáveis, haja vista que da maioria das espécies se aproveita a celulose, madeira e óleos essenciais. Assim, este estudo objetivou realizar uma compilação de dados acerca da expansão da eucaliptocultura no Brasil na última década e seus impactos socioambientais. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura mediante consulta de livros e artigos científicos das bases eletrônicas Scielo, Periódicos CAPES e EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS). A demanda do mercado externo nos últimos 20 anos posicionou o Brasil em patamares elevados no contexto mundial de produção de celulose e fez com que houvesse uma grande expansão da área plantada de eucalipto no Brasil na última década. As atividades das fases de implantação, manutenção e colheita da eucaliptocultura, resultam em modificações das condições socioambientais outrora existente no local. Entre os impactos benéficos está a contribuição positiva à economia nacional, pois, gera um incremento comercial, com produtos de consumo interno e para exportação, impostos e empregos para a população. Entre os impactos adversos estão o empobrecimento da biodiversidade local, degradação ambiental e conflitos no meio rural e urbano. Para minimizar esses impactos adversos é necessária a implementação de uma gestão ambiental ecologicamente correta, com a identificação das características e condições de conservação ambientais locais (como, proximidade de áreas de vegetação ripária, biodiversidade local, tipos de clima e solo, declividade do terreno, disponibilidade hídrica da bacia hidrográfica), da estrutura fundiária pré-existente e implementação de um conjunto de ações mitigadoras para cada impacto adverso.

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“…When residues are left, a protective layer is formed which reduces the contact and pressure of machines, hence lessening compaction. Maintaining the residues generated in eucalyptus harvesting minimizes the effects of soil compaction caused by machine traffic during wood forwarding (de Jesus et al 2015;Tassinari et al 2019). However, the compaction-reducing effect promoted by harvest residues is little known for tillage operations, especially when using robust tractors that perform subsoiling at great depths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of eucalyptus harvest residues reduces soil compaction caused by deep subsoiling

et al. 2021

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Eucalyptus harvesting, forwarding and soil tillage operations are among the main causes for compaction of forest soils, with potential impacts on productivity. This concern is especially important in areas with soils that are naturally compacted (fragipans and duripans). In these soils, tillage operations include the use of subsoilers that can reach depths of more than one meter and require heavy tractors that exert high pressure on the soil. One of the ways to try to minimize the effect of this compaction is by retaining harvest residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of eucalyptus harvesting on soil physical attributes, as well as to determine the potential of different types of residue management to reduce compaction from the soil tillage operation. Two experiments were conducted in the same area with a Yellow Argisol. In the first experiment, compaction caused by mechanized harvesting with harvester + forwarder was evaluated. In the second experiment, different managements of harvest residues were examined as potential modifiers of soil compaction during tillage for new plantings. For this, three managements systems were tested: (1) retention of all harvest residues and litter from the previous rotation (HR + L), (2) retention of litter from the previous rotation (L), and (3) removal of harvest residues and litter from the previous rotation (WR). Before and after harvest, sampling was carried out in the planting rows and inter-rows, and after tillage, samples were collected in the traffic line of the subsoiler-tractor set. In both experiments, undisturbed soil samples were collected from the center of the 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–100 cm layers to determine soil density and total porosity. In each period and site of evaluation, mechanical resistance to penetration up to the 60-cm depth was also determined. The harvesting operation increased soil density at 0–10 and 60–100 cm depths only in the inter-rows. Retention of harvest residues and litter (HR + L) after harvesting avoided increases in soil density and penetration resistance caused by machine traffic during tillage. The results indicate the importance of retaining harvest residues on forest soils for achieving sustainable utilization and for conserving soil quality.

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Soil compaction caused by harvesting, skidding and wood processing in eucalyptus forests on coarse‐textured tropical soils

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of Soil Physical Disturbances Caused by Forest Machinery: a Comprehensive Review

Expansão e impactos socioambientais da cultura de Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) no Brasil: um panorama da literatura

Retention of eucalyptus harvest residues reduces soil compaction caused by deep subsoiling

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