Soil chronosequences, soil development, and soil evolution: a critical review

Huggett, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0341-8162(98)00053-8

Cited by 344 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The use of surface elevations in terrace classifications is well established (Leopold et al, 1964) and availability of digital elevation models to derive elevation information is now common (Stokes et al, 2012). Similarly, the properties of alluvial soils are considered to reflect time-dependant processes and are commonly used in the identification (Birkeland, 1990;Huggett, 1998) and relative dating of terraces (Tsai et al, 2007). Combining long profiles and soil characteristics was implicit in the early notion of 'K' weathering cycles (Walker, 1962) and used to develop age-to-height relationships, which were then interpreted as synchronous regional climatic phases (Warner, 1970(Warner, , 1972Young, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terraces are generally identified in the landscape using a range of techniques including soil properties (see reviews in Birkeland, 1990;Huggett, 1998), topographic data (Pazzaglia and Gardner, 1993;Jones et al, 2007), aerial and satellite imagery (Litchfield and Berryman, 2005), with correlations further aided by sedimentology and dating (Stokes et al, 2012). The use of soil characteristics to classify terraces has made an important contribution to understanding the broad temporal patterns of terrace abandonment (Bull, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alluvial terrace preservation in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland, Australia

et al. 2015

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Alluvial terraces provide a record of aggradation and incision and are studied to understand river response to changes in climate, tectonic activity, sea level, and factors internal to the river system. Terraces form in all climatic regions and in a range of geomorphic settings; however, relatively few studies have been undertaken in tectonically stable settings in the tropics. The preservation of alluvial terraces in a valley is driven by lateral channel adjustments, vertical incision, aggradation, and channel stability, processes that can be further understood through examining catchment force-resistance frameworks. This study maps and classifies terraces using soil type, surface elevation, sedimentology, and optically stimulated luminescence dating across five tropical catchments in northeast Queensland, Australia. This allowed for the identification of two terraces across the study catchments (T1, T2).The T1 terrace was abandoned ~13.9 ka with its subsequent removal occurring until ~7.4 ka. Abandonment of the T2 terrace occurred ~4.9 ka with removal occurring until ~1.2 ka. Differences in the spatial preservation of these terraces were described using an index of terrace preservation (TPI). Assessments of terrace remnant configuration highlighted three main types of terraces: paired, unpaired, and disconnected, indicating the importance of different processes driving preservation.Regional-scale variability in TPI was not strongly correlated with catchment-scale surrogate variables for drivers of terrace erosion and resistance. However, catchmentspecific relationships between TPI and erosion-resistance variables were evident and are used here to explain the dominant processes driving preservation in these tropical settings. This study provides an important insight into terrace preservation in the tectonically stable, humid tropics and provides a framework for future research linking the timing of fluvial response to palaeoclimate change. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT IntroductionAlluvial terraces are topographic landforms that result from floodplain abandonment when a river incises, therefore providing records of river aggradation and incision (Leopold et al., 1964). Terraces have formed in all global regions and are commonly studied to understand how rivers have responded to the combined effects of changes in external controls including climate, tectonics, and sea level (Merritts et al., 1994;Macklin et al., 2002;Bridgland and Westaway, 2008) and in internal controls, such as catchment morphology (Coulthard et al., 2005) and reach-specific conditions (Houben, 2003).Terraces are generally identified in the landscape using a range of techniques including soil properties (see reviews in Birkeland, 1990;Huggett, 1998), topographic data (Pazzaglia and Gardner, 1993;Jones et al., 2007), aerial and satellite imagery (Litchfield and Berryman, 2005), with correlations further aided by sedimentology and dating (Stokes et al., 2012). The use of soil characteristics to classify terrace...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alluvial terrace preservation in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland, Australia

et al. 2015

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“…Throughout the manuscript, we call fields that have been cultivated for 5 years (with an average of 58.0 g C/kg soil of pre-existing SOC) 'C-rich', for 20 years (with an average of 32.0 g C/kg soil of pre-existing SOC) 'moderately C-rich', and for 35-105 years (21.0-24.0 g C/kg soil of pre-existing SOC) 'C-poor' (Table 1). Such chronosequences substitute time for space and have to be carefully selected to assure similar properties along the time series (Huggett 1998). Climate varied only slightly between the sites (Kimetu et al 2008).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents

2010

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Abstract. Due to its recalcitrance against microbial degradation, biochar is very stable in soil compared to other organic matter additions, making its application to soils a suitable approach for the build-up of soil organic carbon (SOC). The net effects of such biochar addition also depend on its interactions with existing organic matter in soils. A study was established to investigate how the status of pre-existing soil organic matter influences biochar stabilisation in soil in comparison to labile organic additions. Carbon loss was greater in the C-rich sites (C content 58.0 g C/kg) than C-poor soils (C content 21.0-24.0 g C/kg), regardless of the quality of the applied organic resource. Biochar-applied, C-rich soil showed greater C losses, by >0.5 kg/m 2 .year, than biochar-applied C-poor soil, whereas the difference was only 0.1 kg/m 2 .year with Tithonia diversifolia green manure. Biochar application reduced the rate of CO 2 -C loss by 27%, and T. diversifolia increased CO 2 -C losses by 22% in the C-poor soils. With biochar application, a greater proportion of C (6.8 times) was found in the intraaggregate fraction per unit C respired than with green manure, indicating a more efficient stabilisation in addition to the chemical recalcitrance of biochar. In SOC-poor soils, biochar application enriched aromatic-C, carboxyl-C, and traces of ketones and esters mainly in unprotected organic matter and within aggregates, as determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast, additions of T. diversifolia biomass enriched conjugated carbonyl-C such as ketones and quinones, as well as CH deformations of aliphatic-C mainly in the intra-aggregate fraction. The data indicate that not only the stability but also the stabilisation of biochar exceeds that of a labile organic matter addition such as green manure.

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“…The scientific literature brings many studies on the changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils after deforestation (GUARIGUATA & OSTERTAG, 2001;MOJIRI et al, 2011) and in medium and long times of crops cultivation (HUGGETT, 1998;SCHOENHOLTZ et al, 2000;YEMEFACK et al, 2006). After the field crop abandonment, usually due losses in soil fertility, the forest succession starts, where soils remain protected against erosion and surface runoff while a new system nutrient accumulation/cycling through the vegetation takes place (GUARIGUATA & OSTERTAG, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the field crop abandonment, usually due losses in soil fertility, the forest succession starts, where soils remain protected against erosion and surface runoff while a new system nutrient accumulation/cycling through the vegetation takes place (GUARIGUATA & OSTERTAG, 2001). There is a controversy on the development of new soils after disturbances whether it occurs in a progressive (stable or non-self-organized) or in an unstable way (chaotic or self-organized) (HUGGETT, 1998).The study method of chronosequences assumes I Programa de Pós-graduação (CAPES-PNPD), Laboratório de Dendrologia e Fitossociologia, Centro Agroveterinário (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brasil. E-mail: rvkilka@gmail.com.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil changes in a subtropical seasonal forest chronosequences in the south of Brazil

et al. 2015

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Soil chronosequences, soil development, and soil evolution: a critical review

Cited by 344 publications

References 76 publications

Alluvial terrace preservation in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland, Australia

Alluvial terrace preservation in the Wet Tropics, northeast Queensland, Australia

Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents

Soil changes in a subtropical seasonal forest chronosequences in the south of Brazil

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