Soil bulk density and crop yield under eleven consecutive years of corn with different tillage and residue practices in a sandy loam soil in central Canada

Dam, Rikkie; Mehdi, Bano; Burgess, M. S.; Madramootoo, Chandra A.; Mehuys, G. R.; Callum, I.R.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.08.006

Cited by 200 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In our study, these correlations were represented by a PCA, which also shows a negative correlation between BD and microbial activity variables, suggesting that the increase in microbiological activity enhanced by CC inclusion decreases soil BD. A decrease in BD values may indicate an increase in soil quality due to its relationships with other properties such as porosity, soil moisture and hydraulic conductivity (Dam et al, 2005). Our investigation suggests a positive effect of CC on physical fertility, since this agricultural technique increased AS, which is of great importance in protecting soil against erosion.…”

Section: Microbial Respiration and Soil Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Soil microbial functionality in response to the inclusion of cover crop mixtures in agricultural systems

Chavarría

Verdenelli

Muñoz

et al. 2016

Span. j. agric. res.

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Agricultural systems where monoculture prevails are characterized by fertility losses and reduced contribution to ecosystem services. Including cover crops (CC) as part of an agricultural system is a promising choice in sustainable intensification of those demanding systems. We evaluated soil microbial functionality in cash crops in response to the inclusion of CC by analyzing soil microbial functions at two different periods of the agricultural year (cash crop harvest and CC desiccation) during 2013 and 2014. Three plant species were used as CC: oat (Avena sativa L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) which were sown in two different mixtures of species: oat and radish mix (CC1) and oat, radish and vetch mix (CC2), with soybean monoculture and soybean/corn being the cash crops. The study of community level physiological profiles showed statistical differences in respiration of specific C sources indicating an improvement of catabolic diversity in CC treatments. Soil enzyme activities were also increased with the inclusion of CC mixtures, with values of dehydrogenase activity and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis up to 38.1% and 35.3% higher than those of the control treatment, respectively. This research evidenced that CC inclusion promotes soil biological quality through a contribution of soil organic carbon, improving the sustainability of agrosystems. The use of a CC mixture of three plant species including the legume vetch increased soil biological processes and catabolic diversity, with no adverse effects on cash crop grain yield.

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Section: Microbial Respiration and Soil Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Soil microbial functionality in response to the inclusion of cover crop mixtures in agricultural systems

Chavarría

Verdenelli

Muñoz

et al. 2016

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…It is interesting that the yield reductions persisted after conversion to NT, as NT systems tend to have greater soil water availability from increased infiltration within a few years of their establishment (Lal 1994). A long-term tillage experiment adjacent to our study site found few differences in the grain yield from silage corn and grain corn plots under NT, reduced tillage and CT during the period 1991-2002 (Dam et al 2005). This is probably due to more favorable weather for corn production during the establishment of these long-term NT plots and the development of a macropore structure over the years that permitted adequate root penetration and growth, even in growing seasons with below-normal rainfall (2001,2002).…”

Section: Silage Corn and Soybean Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

Whalen¹,

Prasher²,

Benslim³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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, H. 2007. Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 841-849. The conversion to no-tillage (NT) may seem risky to some producers who rely on tillage to control weeds, some insect pests and disease-causing pathogens that can reduce crop yield. Weeds, arthropods, and disease incidence were monitored in silage corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agroecosystems with CT and newly established NT plots in Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. During the first 2 establishment years, there were more annual grass and fewer annual broadleaf weeds in NT than in CT plots, but the surface area covered by weeds (broadleaf, grasses and perennials) was greater in CT than NT plots. Foliar arthropods were more numerous in soybean than corn plots in both years, but were unaffected by tillage. There were more ground-dwelling generalist predators, especially Coleoptera and Carabidae, in CT than NT plots, while spiders and harvestmen (Araneae and Opiliones) were dominant in NT plots. Crop damage from insect pests and diseases was below economic thresholds, but 5 yr of yield monitoring (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) revealed a trend of greater silage corn and soybean yields in CT than NT plots. The reduction in crop yield after establishing NT practices at this site was probably due to rooting constraints from inadequate seedbed preparation in the NT system, rather than from weed competition, insect damage or crop diseases.Key words: Arthropods, crop disease, silage corn, soybean, tillage, weed control Whalen, J. K., Prasher, S. O. et Benslim, H. 2007. Surveillance aux agro-écosystèmes de maïs-ensilage et de soya convertis en semis-direct au Québec, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 841-849. Le système de semis-direct (NT) peut sembler risqué pour quelques producteurs qui comptent sur le labourage pour contrôler les mauvaises herbes, quelques insectes ravageurs et les pathogènes causant des maladies qui peuvent réduire la production végétale. Nous avons examiné des mauvaises herbes, des arthropodes, et l'incidence des maladies dans les agro-écosystèmes de maïs-ensilage (Zea mays L.) et soya (Glycine max L. Merr.), aux parcelles nouvellement converties en NT à Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec. Pendant les deux premières années d'étab-lissement, il y avait plus des mauvaises herbes annuelles et moins des dicotylédones annuelles avec NT que dans les parcelles avec CT, mais le degré d'envahissement par les mauvaises herbes était plus grand dans le CT que le NT. Pendant deux ans, les arthropodes foliaires étaient plus nombreux en soya par apport au maïs-ensilage, mais ils n'étaient pas affectés par le labourage du sol. Il y avait plus de prédateurs de généraliste, particulièrement les coléoptères et les Carabidae, dans le CT que le NT, alors que les araignées et les faucheux (Araneae et Opiliones) étaient dominants dans les parcelles sous NT. La diminution du rendement de la récolte après l'établissement du NT sur ce site a été probablement due à la dif...

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“…Hernanz et al (2009), for instance, reported that soil bulk density to a depth of 20 cm was lower with conventional tillage than with reduced tillage; and Dam et al (2005) observed on a 11-year field experiment in a sandy loam soil that bulk density was 10% higher in no-till than in conventional tillage. On the other hand, Álvarez & Steinbach (2009) observed in the Argentine Pampas that soil density was significantly higher under no-tillage than in conventional tillage but no differences were detected between conventional tillage and reduced tillage.…”

Section: Soil Bulk Densitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Reduced tillage for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production in East Cuba. Soil physical properties and crop yield

Olivet

Sánchez-Girón

Hernanz

2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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The area devoted to growing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the province of Granma, Cuba, accounted for nearly 2600 ha in the year 1997, which represented the 4% of the total tobacco plantation area on the island in that year. Tobacco is tillage-intensive since traditional production systems entail seven or eight cultivation operations before transplanting. The objective of this study was to evaluate two alternative tillage systems in comparison with conventional tillage for tobacco production with the aim to improve soil conditions, reduce the number of tillage operations for soil preparation for transplanting, and increase yields. The treatments studied were: (T1) conventional or traditional tillage, (T2) reduced tillage with a multi-tiller plough, and (T3) reduced tillage with a chisel plough. T1 consisted in disc ploughing twice and disc harrowing twice for primary tillage, while before transplanting plots were ploughed twice with a horse-drawn mouldboard plough and harrowed twice with a horse-drawn spike-tooth harrow. In T2 primary tillage was accomplished with two passes with the multi-tiller followed by disc harrowing twice before transplanting. In T3 chisel ploughing was substituted for multi-tiller ploughing. The two reduced tillage systems improved the physical conditions of the soil, which resulted in: lower bulk density, with average values across the 0-30 cm soil profile of 1.48, 1.34 and 1.30 Mg m-3 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, at the end of the growing season; higher soil water content in the soil profile in all four sampling dates per season; greater porosity; and lower resistance to penetration with values of 2.48, 2.15 and 1.71 MPa in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, before crop harvesting. Tillage system T3 provided the highest crop yields (2.26 Mg ha-1) compared with T2 (2.14 Mg ha-1) and T1 (1.95 Mg ha-1), for the plants grown on T3 plots had the largest number of leaves. The size of the leaves was similar in all three systems, however.

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Soil bulk density and crop yield under eleven consecutive years of corn with different tillage and residue practices in a sandy loam soil in central Canada

Cited by 200 publications

References 20 publications

Soil microbial functionality in response to the inclusion of cover crop mixtures in agricultural systems

Soil microbial functionality in response to the inclusion of cover crop mixtures in agricultural systems

Monitoring corn and soybean agroecosystems after establishing no-tillage practices in Québec, Canada

Reduced tillage for tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production in East Cuba. Soil physical properties and crop yield

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