Soil bacterial networks are less stable under drought than fungal networks

Vries, Franciska T. de; Griffiths, Robert I.; Bailey, Mark; Craig, Hayley; Girlanda, Mariangela; Gweon, Hyun S.; Hallin, Sara; Kaisermann, Aurore; Keith, Aidan M.; Kretzschmar, Marina; Lemanceau, Philippe; Lumini, Erica; Mason, Kelly E.; Oliver, Anna; Ostle, Nicholas J.; Prosser, James I.; Thion, Cécile; Thomson, Bruce C.; Bardgett, Richard D.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05516-7

Cited by 1,191 publications

(774 citation statements)

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“…Altered root exudate composition may mobilize associated r‐strategist (bacterial‐dominated) microbial communities, in turn promoting microbial mineralization of N and facilitating plant regrowth (de Vries et al ., ). By contrast, slow‐growing plants with thicker, coarser roots are often more dependent on associations with mycorrhizal fungi (Ma et al ., ) and select for fungal‐dominated microbial communities that continue to function better under drought (de Vries et al ., , ). Thus, while slow‐growing plants are less affected by drought, root exudate‐facilitated rapid regrowth of exploitative species has the potential to outcompete slower‐growing species after drought, which leads to an increase in the abundance of exploitative species (de Vries et al ., ).…”

Section: A Hypothetical Framework For Understanding the Involvement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, slow‐growing plants with thicker, coarser roots are often more dependent on associations with mycorrhizal fungi (Ma et al ., ) and select for fungal‐dominated microbial communities that continue to function better under drought (de Vries et al ., , ). Thus, while slow‐growing plants are less affected by drought, root exudate‐facilitated rapid regrowth of exploitative species has the potential to outcompete slower‐growing species after drought, which leads to an increase in the abundance of exploitative species (de Vries et al ., ). Changes in root exudation quantity and quality after drought can also lead to increased decomposition of soil organic C (priming) and contribute to the sharp peak in CO 2 production when soil is rewetted (the ‘Birch effect’; Birch, ).…”

Section: A Hypothetical Framework For Understanding the Involvement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in root exudation quantity and quality after drought can also lead to increased decomposition of soil organic C (priming) and contribute to the sharp peak in CO 2 production when soil is rewetted (the 'Birch effect'; Birch, 1958). Under repeated droughts, this mechanism would lead to strongly fluctuating community biomass and ecosystem C fluxes, an overall increase in fast-growing species and loss of soil C, which might ultimately erode resilience and result in a regime shift (de Vries et al, 2018;Ingrisch et al, 2018).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant root exudation under drought: implications for ecosystem functioning

2019

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Summary Root exudates are a pathway for plant–microbial communication and play a key role in ecosystem response to environmental change. Here, we collate recent evidence that shows that plants of different growth strategies differ in their root exudation, that root exudates can select for beneficial soil microbial communities, and that drought affects the quantity and quality of root exudation. We use this evidence to argue for a central involvement of root exudates in plant and microbial response to drought and propose a framework for understanding how root exudates influence ecosystem form and function during and after drought. Specifically, we propose that fast‐growing plants modify their root exudates to recruit beneficial microbes that facilitate their regrowth after drought, with cascading impacts on their abundance and ecosystem functioning. We identify outstanding questions and methodological challenges that need to be addressed to advance and solidify our comprehension of the importance of root exudates in ecosystem response to drought.

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Section: A Hypothetical Framework For Understanding the Involvement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Hypothetical Framework For Understanding the Involvement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant root exudation under drought: implications for ecosystem functioning

2019

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“…It is well known that drought can strongly affect plant growth and soil microbial community activity and composition, resulting in altered rates of C and N cycling processes (Gordon et al ., ; Sanaullah et al ., ; De Vries et al ., , ; de Nijs et al ., ). Similar to elevated CO 2 and grazing, root exudates have been hypothesized to play an important role in the response of soil microbial communities to drought, but it is challenging to disentangle root‐exudate‐mediated effects from other mechanisms through which drought affects soil microbial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in root‐exudate‐induced respiration reveal a novel mechanism through which drought affects ecosystem carbon cycling

et al. 2019

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Summary Root exudates play an important role in ecosystem response to climate change, but the functional consequences of drought‐induced changes in the quality of root exudates are unknown. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap in a unique experimental approach. We subjected two common grassland species that differ widely in their growth strategies and root systems, the grass Holcus lanatus and the forb Rumex acetosa, to 2 wk of drought. We collected root exudates and soils at the end of the drought and after 2 wk of recovery and readded all root exudates to all soils in a fully reciprocal set‐up to measure root‐exudate‐induced respiration. We found that soil treatment was unimportant for determining root‐exudate‐induced respiration. By contrast, root exudates collected from plants that had experienced drought clearly triggered more soil respiration than exudates from undroughted plants. Importantly, this increased respiration compensated for the lower rates of root exudation in droughted plants. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism through which drought can continue to affect ecosystem carbon cycling, and a potential plant strategy to facilitate regrowth through stimulating microbial activity. These findings have important implications for understanding plant and ecosystem response to drought.

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“…However, some researchers have found that microbial composition was very important to the ecosystem processes, especially for the process rates (Aalto, Saarenheimo, Mikkonen, Rissanen, & Tiirola, ; Allison & Martiny, ; Baho, Peter, & Tranvik, ; Galand et al, ). Interestingly, de Vries et al () demonstrated that the bacterial community was not associated with ecosystem respiration under drought conditions, but was directly associated with ecosystem respiration after 1 week of rewetting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial resistance and resilience in response to environmental changes under the higher intensity of human activities than global average level

Huang

Bai

Wen

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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With the increasing intensity of global human activities, the ecosystem function, which is supported by the microbial community, will be dramatically changed and impaired. To investigate microbial resistance and resilience of microbial communities to human activities, we chose two typical types of human disturbances, urbanization, and reclamation under the higher intensity of human activities than the global average level. We examined microbial traits, including the abundance, diversity, phylogeny, and co‐occurrence interactions in soil microbial communities, together with the nitrification activities observed in the subtropical coastal ecosystem of the Pearl River Estuary and in soil microcosm experiments. Microbial communities were less resistant to the environmental changes caused by urbanization than to those caused by reclamation, which was significantly reflected in the nitrogen and/or carbon‐related patterns. However, most of the microbial traits could be recovered almost to the original level without significant differences in the microcosm after 40 days of incubation. The co‐occurrence interactions between nitrifiers and other microbial communities were dramatically changed and could not be completely recovered, but this change did not affect their nitrification activities for balancing the ammonium in the soil to the original level during the recovery stage, suggesting that the interactions between microbial communities might have fewer effects on their activities than previously thought. This study quantitatively demonstrated that microbial communities as a whole can recover to a status similar to the original state in a short time after the removal of stress at a large ecosystem scale even under the higher intensity of human activities than global average level in coastal ecosystems, which implied a strong recovery capacity of soil microbial community even after intense human disturbance.

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Soil bacterial networks are less stable under drought than fungal networks

Cited by 1,191 publications

References 60 publications

Plant root exudation under drought: implications for ecosystem functioning

Plant root exudation under drought: implications for ecosystem functioning

Changes in root‐exudate‐induced respiration reveal a novel mechanism through which drought affects ecosystem carbon cycling

Microbial resistance and resilience in response to environmental changes under the higher intensity of human activities than global average level

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