Soil and climate effects on winter wine produced under the tropical environmental conditions of southeastern Brazil

Abstract

Southeastern Brazil is an emergent region in terms of the production of high-quality fine wines. To contribute to typicity assessment, the soils (morphology, mineralogy, chemical and physical analyses), parent material (geologic maps and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry) and climate (temperature and precipitation) were characterized in seven vineyards located in the state of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil, by carrying out state-of-the-art terroir analysis and assessing the environmental variations of the study sites. A soil profile was described and sampled in the central part of each vineyard. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) biplots were used to analyze the relationships between these factors and the composition of wines (2016, 2017 and 2018 harvests) produced from Syrah in commercial vineyards in different municipalities of Três Corações (TC), Cordislândia (COR), Andradas (AND), São Sebastião do Paraíso (SSP), Três Pontas (TP), Espírito Santo do Pinhal (PIN) and Itobí (ITO). The vineyards were grouped according to soil and climate characteristics. Group A was composed of COR, AND and PIN vineyards, which exhibited the highest correlation with soil Al3+ content and accumulated rainfall. The group’s wines had the lowest ash alkalinity, total polyphenol index (TPI) and pH values and the highest fixed acidity. Group B consisted of the TP and TC vineyards, which had the highest soil organic matter and boron contents and the highest thermal amplitude with similar values (15.4 °C in TC and 15.2 °C in TP); their wines showed average composition. Group C comprised ITO alone, which was characterized by the shallowest and least developed soils. Its wine had the highest flavonol content and high dry extract, color intensity, TPI, alcohol content and sugar values. Group D contained the SSP vineyard, in which the soil subsurface horizons were correlated with the highest wine pH. Late harvest in this vineyard caused the most dehydration of grapes and consequent concentration of most wine compounds (human effect on terroir). The terroir information produced in this study adds substantial value to the wines produced under the tropical environmental conditions of southeastern Brazil, for which such studies are very rare. By characterizing the natural factors (soil, soil parent material and climate) and human factors (vineyard management and wine characteristics) related to terroir, this study can also provide historical information about the wine from this emergent region (the historical factors). In addition, its results can be used to guide producers in their choice of vineyard cultivation sites according to preference in wine composition.

Evaluation of Synthetic-Temporal Imagery as an Environmental Covariate for Digital Soil Mapping: A Case Study in Soils under Tropical Pastures

“…This can be demonstrated by looking at a chronosequence, which is a sequence of soils ordered by age, from younger to older. For example, in the chronosequence Haplic Cambisol → Red-Yellow Argisol → Red-Yellow Latosol and Red Latosol, the following physical and hydraulic characteristics were observed by Gonçalves et al [47]: an increase in soil thickness, an increase in soil water storage capacity, a shift in B horizon structure from blocky to granular, an increase in permeability, a decrease in bulk density, and an increase in clay content. As for soil organic matter, the overall trend is that its concentration decreases with depth, with similar mean values among soils.…”

Relações entre atributos de solos de basalto e videiras \'Syrah\' em colheita de inverno no Estado de São Paulo

“…Essa heterogeneidade da fertilidade também pode ter influenciado para uma avaliação incompleta do efeito de disponibilidade hídrica nos compostos das diferentes posições. Pois diversos estudos que abordam o efeito do solo no terroir de vinhos têm constatado resultados significativos relacionados aos compostos fenólicos e à concentração de açúcar, principalmente devido às diferenças no suprimento de água decorrentes de atributos de solo (Bahat et al, 2021;Gonçalves et al, 2022;Poni et al, 2018;Van leeuwen, 2010;Van leeuwen et al, 2004Van leeuwen et al, , 2009Roby;Rességuier, 2018;Seguin, 2006).…”