Software measurement standards for areal surface texture parameters: part 1—algorithms

Abstract

Reference software for the evaluation of a set of areal surface texture parameters is described, focusing on the definitions of the parameters and giving details of the numerical algorithms employed in the software to implement those definitions. The main consideration in the design and development of reference software is its numerical correctness, and the algorithms chosen and the implementations of those algorithms reflect this consideration. The surface for which parameters are to be evaluated is a bicubic spline interpolant to the available discretely-sampled data, and parameters are evaluated for that continuous surface either to a high numerical precision or to a numerical precision that is under the control of the user.

Calibration and verification of areal surface texture measuring instruments

“…Currently, software measurement standards for areal characterisation are only available on the website of NPL [65] and for comparison purposes (not as reference software) on the website of the NIST [18].…”

“…Important considerations for the design of type S2 standards are, therefore, the mathematical representation chosen for the surface and how that representation is determined from the height data. In NPL's reference software the measured surface heights are used to construct a continuous representation of the unknown underlying surface in the form of a bicubic spline interpolant [65]. This continuous representation is then used as the basis for evaluating areal parameters in the sense that parameters are calculated with high (or known) numerical accuracy for that surface representation.…”

Algorithms and software for areal surface texture function parameters

“…Comparison of NPL and other software was undertaken using the same four test data sets used in [9,10]. Data sets 1, 2 and 3 represent surfaces obtained by applying the surface finishing techniques of, respectively, honing, linishing and polishing.…”

“…Software measurement standards have also been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, US) for profile and areal surface texture parameters [6,7], and by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB, Germany) for profile parameters [8]. More recently [9], reference software was described for the evaluation of a subset of areal surface texture parameters that are classified either as 'height' parameters, 'spatial' parameters or 'hybrid' parameters. For those parameters, a comparison of results obtained using the reference software and a number of proprietary software packages was described [10].…”

Data-Driven Intelligent 3D Surface Measurement in Smart Manufacturing: Review and Outlook

“…Kriging-type (e.g., [11,109]) and data fusion methods (e.g., [3,12,14,16,49,83,85,110]) are more often used for surface measurements. Cubic B-splines [111][112][113] and convolutions are typically applied for interpolation, when samples are taken over a regular grid. In addition to kriging, fitting with cubic B-spline basis, RBF interpolation, and mesh-based methods are often adopted [76,109,112] for scattered measurements.…”