“…Neoplasms of endocrine organs, and particularly those arising from the adrenal gland, are frequent diagnoses in the pathology of captive wild ungulates (Schmidt and Hubbard 1987). Stress due to crowded conditions and to conflict has been suggested as a factor influencing the development of endocrine gland neoplasms in these animals (Lombard and White 1959). Unlike in their captive counterparts, however, any kind of neoplasm is an unusual diagnosis in free-ranging ungulates (Bouvier and others 1958, Wetzel and Rieck 1966, Cosgrove and Fay 1981).…”