Soft tissue reaction to de novo plaque formation on implants and teeth. An experimental study in the dog

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of de novo plaque formation on the gingiva and masticatory mucosa around teeth and implants. The study was performed in 5 beagle dogs which at the initiation of the experiment were 15 months old. During a preparatory period, the mandibular right premolars were extracted, 3 fixtures installed, abutment connection performed and a 4-month period of plaque control completed. A clinical examination was performed and biopsies of the second mandibular premolar (P2) and the contralateral implant site (2P) were sampled. The dogs were allowed to form plaque during a period of 3 weeks. The clinical examination was repeated and biopsies harvested from the 2 remaining implants and the contralateral tooth sites. The tissue samples were prepared for histometric and morphometric analysis. Both the masticatory mucosa at implants and the gingiva responded to de novo plaque formation with the development of an inflammatory lesion. The size as well as the composition of the lesions in the 2 tissues had many features in common. It was concluded that the mucosa around implants and the gingiva around teeth had a similar potential to respond to early plaque formation.

Peri-Implant Infections of Oral Biofilm Etiology

“…Peri-implant mucositis is characterized by inflammation that is confined to epithelium, connective tissue loss, microvascular changes (Sanz et al 1990), and increased infiltration of leukocytes (Zitzmann et al 2002;Zitzmann et al 2004). The sequence of inflammatory events are that take place in peri-implant mucositis are similar to those in gingivitis, but potentially of a larger extent than gingivitis Berglundh et al 1991;Berglundh et al 1992). The switch to peri-implantitis is accompanied by a further influx of inflammatory cells than in the affected area of the peri-implant mucosa, that now expands to reach the bone tissue (Gualini and Berglundh 2003;Talarico et al 1997;Lindhe et al 1992), while a large number of osteoclasts form onto the bone surface and initiate bone resorption (Carcuac et al 2013).…”

Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunctive to Mechanical Debridement in the Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…The reason for improvement observed in the experimental group could be explained in this way: Peri-implant diseases have infectious nature and the disease manifestation is due to inflammatory response to the accumulation of bacterial biofilm. 26,27 In other words the clinical signs of peri-implant diseases (increasing BOP, CAL, and PPD) point to the tissue inflammation (apical migration of junctional epithelium, increasing blood vessels and immune cell infiltration) caused by plaque formation. 28 Considering the etiology of these diseases, the main goal for treatment is to decrease bacterial load.…”

Periodontitis vs. Peri-Implantitis: The Same Disease? The Same Treatment?

“…Pontoriero (1994) allowed plaque to accumulate around IMZ implants and natural teeth for three weeks and found a definite correlation between plaque accumulation and the development of peri-implant mucositis, but no difference in the response of soft tissues around teeth and implants when exposed to dental plaque. Plaque accumulation during the post-operative period following implant placement may result in a compromised epithelial attachment to the implant surfaces (Koth et al, 1986;Berglundh et al, 1992).…”