Soft tissue ependymoma: a report of three cases

King, Phillip; Cooper, P.; Malcolm, Archie J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00143.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Soft tissue localization of myxopapillary ependymoma, primarily a tumour of the central nervous system (conus medullaris, filum terminale), is rare; tumours usually arise in the sacral area and are more frequently in a dorsal, subcutaneous, rather than ventral, location 80 –83 . Although benign heterotopic ependymal cell nests may be seen in infancy, most of the tumours occur in adults, demonstrate locally aggressive behaviour and metastasize in about one fifth of cases 80 …”

Section: Deep‐seated Myxoid Soft Tissue Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxoid tumours of soft tissue

Roggen¹,

Hogendoorn²,

Fletcher³

1999

Histopathology

212

183

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Myxoid tumours of soft tissue encompass a heterogeneous group of lesions characterized by a marked abundance of extracellular mucoid (myxoid) matrix. This group of tumours demonstrate significant variability in their biological behaviour thus including tumours which are entirely harmless, tumours with a tendency to recur locally but not metastasize, and malignant tumours. There appears to be a considerable degree of overlap clinically and morphologically between the various tumour types in this group, generating potential diagnostic problems for the clinician and pathologist alike. While diligent microscopy remains the basis of diagnostic pathology, the continuous developments and refinements within the fields of immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics are providing substantial new information, allowing the development of new diagnostic criteria and hence facilitating an accurate diagnosis. It is the aim of this short review to highlight the most prevalent soft tissue tumours with predominantly myxoid morphology, to describe the features by which the majority of these myxoid lesions may be identified, and to discuss the differential diagnosis where appropriate.

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Section: Deep‐seated Myxoid Soft Tissue Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxoid tumours of soft tissue

Roggen¹,

Hogendoorn²,

Fletcher³

1999

Histopathology

212

183

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“…Following surgical resection, long-term prognosis is excellent, as these tumors rarely recur. An exception to this rule are soft-tissue myxopapillary ependymomas arising in the peri-sacral region, which appear to have a significant rate of distant metastases (70). Both myxopapillary ependymomas and subependymomas are considered to be low-grade (grade I) neuroepithelial tumors by most grading systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Ependymomas

1997

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Intracranial ependymomas are the third most common primary brain tumor in the pediatric population. Although an anaplastic variant is recognized, numerous studies examining the prognostic implications of histological features, such as necrosis, endothelial proliferation and mitoses, have yielded contradictory results. In order to improve outcome prediction in affected patients and to refine therapeutic decision-making, there is a strong need for identifying relevant biological correlates of tumor behavior. The molecular biology of tumors is a rapidly expanding field and includes investigations into cytogenetics, oncogenes, growth factors, growth factor receptors, hormonal receptors, proliferation markers, apoptosis, cell cycle genes and cell adhesion molecules, as well as factors potentially related to therapeutic resistance, such as the multidrug resistance gene. The molecular biology of astrocytic tumors in adults has been the subject of many studies; however, relatively few studies have been focused on ependymomas. Herein we review potential oncological markers in ependymomas that have been identified to date and highlight the limitations of our current knowledge as a basis for defining areas for future investigation.

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“…Extracranial ectopic MEs are uncommon, and they have been only encountered in the pre-coccygeal space and soft tissue of the sacral region. 8 These tumors most often present as an asymptomatic mass in patients younger than 20 years; they have a high tendency to recur locally and can give distant metastases. 5,11 Ectopic MEs likely develop from ectopic ependymal cells present in the sacrococcygeal region, which have been regarded as rests of the caudal portion of the neural tube.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Ectopic MEs are rare, and the few examples outside the central nervous system have been documented in the pre-coccygeal space and soft tissue of the sacral region. 5,8 They likely derive form ependymal remnants that result from defects of closure of the neural tube 8 and seem to represent a separate entity with peculiar propensity to local recurrence and distant metastases. 5,11,19 Here, we report a primary glial tumor of the retina with features of ME.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Glial Tumor of the Retina With Features of Myxopapillary Ependymoma

Hegyi¹,

Peston²,

Theodorou³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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We report a primary retinal tumor with features of myxopapillary ependymoma. The lesion occurred in a 33-year-old man with a long history of phthisis bulbi and a more recent history of pain to the right eye. Enucleated ocular globe revealed a lesion occupying most of the retinal surface. Histologically, the retina was replaced by a tumor composed of spindle cells with fibrillary cytoplasm and round to ovoid nuclei forming fascicles, perivascular pseudorosettes, microcysts, and deposition of extracellular mucins. Calcifications, metaplastic bone, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate were also seen. Tumor cells expressed GFAP and S-100 and to lesser extent carbonic anhydrase II. The immunoreaction for EMA showed diffuse granular positivity, decorated a few extracellular lumina, and highlighted intracytoplasmic lumina in a few cells. Ultrastructurally, there was accumulation of extracellular material between cells and around capillaries, long interdigitating cytoplasmic processes, extracellular lumina packed with microvilli, a few junctions evident around lumina, and some ciliary basal bodies and ciliary basal rootlets. As control cases, we also investigated expression of EMA and carbonic anhydrase II in an ocular globe with retinal gliosis and three cases of myxopapillary ependymoma of the cauda equina. The lesion described here represents the first example of retinal tumor with features of myxopapillary ependymoma. Pathologic features and particularly expression of carbonic anhydrase II suggest a derivation from intrinsic glial cells of retina otherwise known as Muller cells.

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Soft tissue ependymoma: a report of three cases

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Myxoid tumours of soft tissue

Myxoid tumours of soft tissue

The Molecular Biology of Ependymomas

Primary Glial Tumor of the Retina With Features of Myxopapillary Ependymoma

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