Soft tissue cephalometric norms in Japanese adults

Alcalde, Rafael; Jinno, Tokiari; Orsini, M.Gabriela; Sasaki, Akira; Sugiyama, Raymond M.; Matsumura, Tomohiro

doi:10.1067/mod.2000.104411

Cited by 117 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Facial frontal and profile photographs of 170 individuals were obtained in a natural head position (NHP) [5], which is defined as the physiological head position obtained by a relaxed individual when looking at a reference point ahead, herein represented by the individual's eyes reflected in a mirror, centric relation, and relaxed lip posture [6]. A panel of judges was made which consisted of 20 laymen.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Gupta¹,

Garg²,

Anand

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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In this study we aimed to determine the soft tissue norms for the North Indian population based on the laymen perception of facial esthetics and to test the hypothesis that there are racial differences in cephalometric measurement between North Indians and White Americans norms. Two sets (Facial frontal and profile photographs) of 170 standardized facial photographs (76 males and 94 females in the age group of 18-28 years) were taken. A panel of judges which consisted of 20 laymen evaluated the photographs on the visual analogue scale to select a sample of 120 subjects (60 males and 60 females), which included individuals with esthetically pleasing appearance. Digital lateral cephalograms were made and anatomic landmarks were identified directly on the digital images. Seventeen soft tissue variables taken from Subtenley's, Holdaway's, Ricketts and Legan's analysis were calculated electronically using the Dolphin (version 9) software package. Most measurements were similar to the white American norms, some differences were noticed in nasal prominence, basic upper lip thickness, and 'H' angle measurements. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the measurement differences of the North Indian men and women. North Indian males have relatively prominent and thicker upper lip, and increased basic upper lip thickness than the females. Lower lip was found to be more protrusive in females than in males.

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Gupta¹,

Garg²,

Anand

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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“…Norms of desirable esthetic profiles have been established for various populations. [8][9][10][11][12] Several studies have described profile changes when various orthodontic treatments or orthognathic procedures were completed. [13][14][15][16][17] The use of cephalometrics is critical in the diagnosis of dental and skeletal malocclusion; it also is used for soft tissue profile analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lip Posture Following Debonding of Labial Appliances Based on Conventional Profile Photographs

Abed

Har-Zion

Redlich

2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To assess changes in lip posture following debonding of labial appliances on the basis of a new soft tissue analysis performed by computerized tools with the use of conventional nonstandardized profile photographic pictures. Materials and Methods: Profile photographs of 33 patients were taken just before and just after debonding of labial brackets. Pictures were examined twice through custom-made analysis in which Viewbox software was used. The validity of this new analysis was assessed in a preliminary study. A reference line was constructed between the center of the tragus and the outer canthus. The point where this elongated line intersected with the profile was coined nasion-modified and served as the vertex point for angles used to evaluate the prominence of the lips. The final position of the lines was determined when they were tangent to the appropriate landmarks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests for paired differences were used.

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“…When compared to Caucasians (14.52 mm), statistically lower values for the size of the nose (Prn-Sn) were found in the Japanese-Brazilian sample (12.01 mm) and Mongoloids (11.73 mm), which can be confirmed by previous findings that Asians have smaller noses when compared to other populations. 1 Corroborating with these findings, the smallest nose size was also evidenced by the variable Prn-Nperp in the Mongoloid sample (24.90 mm) when compared to Caucasians (28.83 mm).…”

Section: Midfacementioning

confidence: 52%

“…This variable is also related to the nose and confirmed the trend of Mongoloids having smaller noses (9.52 mm) when compared to other races. 1,24 As the amount of increase in nasal projection (Prn-Nperp and Sn-Prn) in boys occurs in older ages, 6,8 it is speculated that this is the reason for the lack of difference for this gender in this research, since Japanese individuals, even older, show a smaller nose (26.72 mm) when compared to other samples.…”

Section: Midfacementioning

confidence: 72%

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

Fernandes

Pinzan

Sathler

et al. 2013

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Objective: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids. Methods: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05. Results:The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions. Conclusion: It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race. Keywords: Ethnic groups. Reference values. Orthodontics.Objetivo: determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas tegumentares de jovens mestiços nipo-brasileiros com oclusão normal, e compará-los com amostras compatíveis de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas. Métodos: foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipo-brasileiros e 33 de xantodermas. As três amostras apresentavam indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada. As amostras foram divididas por sexo devido às características do tecido mole e para facilitar a comparação. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA) e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) com p < 0,05. Resultados: a amostra nipo-brasileira para o sexo feminino apresentou menor espessura na região do násio e menor nariz em relação aos leucodermas. Em relação à amostra xantoderma, menor espessura na região supramentoniana e pogônio. No sexo masculino, os nipo-brasileiros apresentaram menor espessura na região do násio, maior espessura do lábio inferior e da região supramentoniana em relação à amostra leucoderma. Em relação aos xantodermas, maior espessura na região da glabela e da ENA-Sn. Conclusão: verificou-se a necessidade de se utilizar normas de tecido mole específicas para essa raça miscigenada.Palavras-chave: Grupos étnicos. Valores de referência. Ortodontia.

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Soft tissue cephalometric norms in Japanese adults

Cited by 117 publications

References 9 publications

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Establishment of Soft Tissue Norms for the North Indian Population Based on Laymen Perception

Lip Posture Following Debonding of Labial Appliances Based on Conventional Profile Photographs

Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

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