Soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) in the island nations of Southeast Asia: A review on their distribution, associated hosts and potential pathogens

Kazim, Abdul-Rahman; Houssaini, Jamal; Ehlers, J.; Tappe, Dennis; Heo, Chong Chin

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106085

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In Latin America, studies on soft ticks have focused on the role as vectors of Anaplasma, Borrelia, and Rickettsia (Loftis et al 2005;Tahir et al 2016;Muñoz-Leal et al 2019;Luz et al 2019;de Oliveira et al 2020). Nonetheless, other epidemiological groups of argasid-related organisms such as Coxiella, responsible for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile virus, and Royal Farm virus, have re-emerged as common pathogens (Manzano-Román et al 2012;Sarwar 2017;Diaz 2021;Hanafi-Bojd et al 2021;Kazim et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria related to tick-borne pathogen assemblages in Ornithodoros cf. hasei (Acari: Argasidae) and blood of the wild mammal hosts in the Orinoquia region, Colombia

et al. 2022

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Interest in research on soft ticks has increased in recent decades, leading to valuable insight into their role as disease vectors. The use of metagenomics-based analyses have helped to elucidate ecological factors involved in pathogen, vector, and host dynamics. To understand the main bacterial assemblages present in Ornithodoros cf. hasei and its mammalian hosts, 84 ticks and 13 blood samples from bat hosts (Chiroptera) were selected, and the 16S rRNA gene V4 region was sequenced in five pools (each one related to each host-tick pairing). Bacterial taxonomic assignment analyses were performed by comparing operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between ticks and their host blood. This analysis showed the presence of Proteobacteria (38.8%), Enterobacteriaceae (25%), Firmicutes (12.3%), and Actinobacteria (10.9%) within blood samples, and Rickettsiaceae (39%), Firmicutes (25%), Actinobacteria (13.1%), and Proteobacteria (9%) within ticks. Species related to potentially pathogenic genera were detected in ticks, such as Borrelia sp., Bartonella tamiae, Ehrlichia sp. and Rickettsia-like endosymbiont, and the presence of these organisms was found in all analyzed bat species (Cynomops planirostris, Molossus pretiosus, Noctilio albiventris), and O. cf. hasei. About 41–48.6% of bacterial OTUs (genera and species) were shared between ticks and the blood of bat hosts. Targeted metagenomic screening techniques allowed the detection of tick-associated pathogens for O. cf. hasei and small mammals for the first time, enabling future research on many of these pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria related to tick-borne pathogen assemblages in Ornithodoros cf. hasei (Acari: Argasidae) and blood of the wild mammal hosts in the Orinoquia region, Colombia

et al. 2022

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“…Studies on A. pusillus and its pathogens all over the world are very limited, mainly including species examination, distribution, hosts and a few on pathogen detections ( 101 – 106 ). To date, Issyk–Kul fever virus and Keterah virus have been reported in this species ( 5 , 105 , 106 ).…”

Section: Argasid Ticks and Associated Pathogen In Fauna Of Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Kuo Shuun virus (29). Other viruses, including CSIRO 1499 virus, Lake Clarendon virus, Nyamanini virus and Pathum Thani virus have also been detected in other countries or regions (82,105).…”

Section: Tick-borne Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of argasid ticks and associated pathogens of China

Chen

Liu

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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It has been recorded 221 species of soft ticks in the world. However, the classification system of Argasidae is still unclear with nearly two-third controversial species in genus level. Therefore, comprehensive research is still necessary. In 2016, Wen and Chen overviewed the valid species of soft ticks in China for the first time. Up to now, the soft tick fauna of China remains poorly known. Although several studies have been undertaken, the information regarding soft ticks and associated diseases are fragmentary. To facilitate the future study of this group, the scattered information on soft ticks of China is herein synthesized. Toward the end of 2021, 15 valid species of argasid ticks have been reported, of these, 9 species (60%) including Argas beijingensis, A. japonicus, A. persicus, A. sinensis, A. vespertilionis, A. vulgaris, Ornithodoros lahorensis, O. tartakovskyi, and O. papillipes have been recorded biting humans. Argas persicus is the most common species, and its borne pathogens are widely investigated, while most other argasid ticks are not sufficiently studied in China. Here, we summarize detailed information regarding hosts, geographical distribution, molecular data, and vector roles of argasid ticks in China.

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“…Among the two major families of ticks, Argasidae (soft ticks) are prevalent in tropics and subtropics, whereas Ixodidae (hard ticks) have a more considerable prevalence in temperate regions [29]. Soft ticks are of comparably lesser medical and veterinary importance, as most species feed on wildlife, especially bats [30]; however, soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros are epidemiologically consequential as vectors of diseases such as Argasidae-borne relapsing fever (ABRF) and African swine fever (ASF) [31,32]. Hard ticks are responsible for transmitting most TBPs, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoans.…”

Section: Ticks As Vectors Of Transmission Of Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Infections and Co-Infections, Animal Models and Diseases

et al. 2022

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Tick-borne pathogens such as species of Borrelia, Babesia, Anaplasma, Rickettsia, and Ehrlichia are widespread in the United States and Europe among wildlife, in passerines as well as in domestic and farm animals. Transmission of these pathogens occurs by infected ticks during their blood meal, carnivorism, and through animal bites in wildlife, whereas humans can become infected either by an infected tick bite, through blood transfusion and in some cases, congenitally. The reservoir hosts play an important role in maintaining pathogens in nature and facilitate transmission of individual pathogens or of multiple pathogens simultaneously to humans through ticks. Tick-borne co-infections were first reported in the 1980s in white-footed mice, the most prominent reservoir host for causative organisms in the United States, and they are becoming a major concern for public health now. Various animal infection models have been used extensively to better understand pathogenesis of tick-borne pathogens and to reveal the interaction among pathogens co-existing in the same host. In this review, we focus on the prevalence of these pathogens in different reservoir hosts, animal models used to investigate their pathogenesis and host responses they trigger to understand diseases in humans. We also documented the prevalence of these pathogens as correlating with the infected ticks’ surveillance studies. The association of tick-borne co-infections with other topics such as pathogens virulence factors, host immune responses as they relate to diseases severity, identification of vaccine candidates, and disease economic impact are also briefly addressed here.

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Soft ticks (Acari: Argasidae) in the island nations of Southeast Asia: A review on their distribution, associated hosts and potential pathogens

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Bacteria related to tick-borne pathogen assemblages in Ornithodoros cf. hasei (Acari: Argasidae) and blood of the wild mammal hosts in the Orinoquia region, Colombia

Bacteria related to tick-borne pathogen assemblages in Ornithodoros cf. hasei (Acari: Argasidae) and blood of the wild mammal hosts in the Orinoquia region, Colombia

A review of argasid ticks and associated pathogens of China

Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Infections and Co-Infections, Animal Models and Diseases

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