Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Rao, Zhoulyu; Ershad, Faheem; Almasri, Abdullah; Gonzalez, Lei; Wu, Xiaoyang; Yu, Cunjiang

doi:10.1002/admt.202000233

Cited by 91 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 226 publications

(297 reference statements)

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“…[ 1,2 ] In the last years, a new class of flexible organic electronic devices with physical properties similar to those of human epidermis are being developed. [ 1–4 ] Such devices enable non‐invasive coupling with the complex features of the skin surface serving for subsequent sensing tasks. Next to systems developed for humans and related diagnostic devices, methods to analyze the electrical signals generated by living plants attract increasing interest across fields from biology to engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraconformable, Self‐Adhering Surface Electrodes for Measuring Electrical Signals in Plants

Meder

Saar

Taccola

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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The electrical signals in plant's physiological processes are of great interest in biology, biohybrid robotics, and sensors for interfacing the living organisms with an electronic readout and control. This paper reports on the application of conformable, self‐adhering surface electrodes for the measurement and bidirectional stimulation of electrical signals in plants. The inkjet‐printed poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate based electrodes are <3 µm thick, light‐weight, soft and flexible, and can be easily and non‐invasively transferred onto plant's outer organs for surface potential recordings due to their realization on tattoo transfer paper. The devices prove to be extremely versatile for analyzing electrical signals in Dionaea muscipula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Codariocalyx motorius and for stimulating mechanical responses in D. muscipula. A benefit over traditional electrodes is the van der Waals self‐adherence of the thin electrodes, their intrinsic flexibility and adaptation also on small leaves while providing excellent readout. The same electrode allows long‐term multicycle measurements over at least 10 days and, moreover, straightforward recordings on fast‐moving organs such as snapping fly traps and endogenously oscillating leaflets. The results confirm that self‐adhering soft organic electronics are particularly suitable for plant electrical signal analysis when easy‐application, self‐adaptation, and long‐term performance are required in plant science, biohybrid robotics, and biohybrid sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraconformable, Self‐Adhering Surface Electrodes for Measuring Electrical Signals in Plants

Meder

Saar

Taccola

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…The E-Skin plays vital role in soft electronics to enhance the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for analyzing the ECG, EMG and other parameters. The wearable and flexible electronics [13] paves the way for comfort in using these devices.…”

Section: Medical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Certain Applications of LabVIEW in the Field of Electronics and Communication

Ramasamy¹,

Palanivelu²,

Sathesan³

2021

LabVIEW - A Flexible Environment for Modeling and Daily Laboratory Use

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The LabVIEW platform with graphical programming environment, will help to integrate the human machine interface controller with the software like MATLAB, Python etc. This platform plays the vital role in many pioneering areas like speech signal processing, bio medical signals like Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) processing, fault analysis in analog electronic circuits, Cognitive Radio(CR), Software Defined Radio (SDR), flexible and wearable electronics. Nowadays most engineering colleges redesign their laboratory curricula for the students to enhance the potential inclusion of remote based laboratory to facilitate and encourage the students to access the laboratory anywhere and anytime. This would help every young learner to bolster their innovation, if the laboratory environment is within the reach of their hand. LabVIEW is widely recognized for its flexibility and adaptability. Due to the versatile nature of LabVIEW in the Input- Output systems, it has find its broad applications in integrated systems. It can provide a smart assistance to deaf and dumb people for interpreting the sign language by gesture recognition using flex sensors, monitor the health condition of elderly people by predicting the abnormalities in the heart beat through remote access, and identify the stage of breast cancer from the Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using image processing techniques. In this chapter, the previous work of authors who have extensively incorporated LabVIEW in the field of electronics and communication are discussed in detail.

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“…Therefore, conventional devices affect the comfort level of users to a large extent, and almost obliterate the possibility of various novel interactive methods in the future. [ 9,12 ] To overcome these drawbacks, it is essential to develop flexible sensors and electric devices with excellent mechanical flexibility and stretchability; this could provide an effective and potential platform for further HMI applications. [ 13–18 ] Flexible and stretchable sensors, which can be attached to curved and dynamic surfaces, such as human and robotic skins, can continuously monitor the physiological and environmental indicators in real time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electronic devices should be thin enough to withstand deformation, such as bending or folding, while the minimum amount of conformation energy ensures a comfortable wear experience on the skin. [ 12,31 ] In contrast, stretchability is mainly realized by 1) designing electric devices with geometrically engineered structures, such as serpentines, wrinkles, and rigid islands, [ 32–34 ] and 2) applying intrinsically stretchable materials, such as low‐dimensional semiconductor materials and conductive polymer materials. [ 35–39 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensors‐Enabled Human–Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application

Yin

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

360

212

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In comparison to traditional bulky and rigid electronic devices, the human–machine interaction (HMI) system with flexible and wearable components is an inevitable future trend. To achieve effective, intuitive, and seamless manipulation of high‐performance wearable HMI systems, it is important to develop effective strategies for designing material microstructures on flexible sensors and electric devices with excellent mechanical flexibility and stretchability. The real‐time acquisition of human physiology and surrounding signals through accurate and flexible sensors is the basis of wearable HMIs. Herein, the construction of a wearable HMI system that utilizes sensors, communication modes, and actuators is reviewed. The mechanisms and strategies for designing various flexible sensors based on different mechanisms are analyzed and discussed. The functional mechanism, material selection, and novel design strategies of each part are summarized in detail. The different communication modes in interactive systems and the manufacturing technology of soft machines are also introduced. Additionally, the most advanced applications of wearable HMI systems in intelligent identification and security, interactive controls for robots, augmented reality, and virtual reality have been highlighted. The review concludes with an overview of the remaining key challenges and several ideas regarding the further improvement of wearable HMI systems.

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Soft Electronics for the Skin: From Health Monitors to Human–Machine Interfaces

Cited by 91 publications

References 226 publications

Ultraconformable, Self‐Adhering Surface Electrodes for Measuring Electrical Signals in Plants

Ultraconformable, Self‐Adhering Surface Electrodes for Measuring Electrical Signals in Plants

Certain Applications of LabVIEW in the Field of Electronics and Communication

Wearable Sensors‐Enabled Human–Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application

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