Soft actuators built from cellulose paper: A review on actuation, material, fabrication, and applications

Liu, Yan; Shang, Siyao; Mo, Shuting; Wang, Peng; Yin, Bin; Wei, Jiaming

doi:10.1016/j.jsamd.2021.06.004

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…In general, 2D structural cellulose films or hydrogels are the most common geometries owing to its compatibility with a variety of processing techniques. [53] A smart cellulose derived actuator effectively generates forces or motions in dependence of an external stimulus. Depending on the stimulation and application scenarios for actuation, the development of cellulose derived actuators can be divided into two main categories: 1) Influence of an external nonuniform stimuli source such as moisture, [32,54,55] electric, [24,[56][57][58][59] or magnetic field [28,29,60] on isotropic structures; 2) fabrication of internal anisotropic structures reacting to an external uniform stimuli source (bilayer structure, [61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Janus structures, [68] gradient structures, [69] patterned structures, [70,71] oriented structures [72][73][74] ), other anisotropic structures [75,76] ) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Design and Fabrication Of Cellulose-based Actuators 21 Desig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[89,90] Their crystallinity and ion migration are the main factors affecting the actuation behavior. [24,53] Under an external electric potential, ions with opposite charges will migrate within the active ionic layer, causing the volume of the active layer to change and thus leading to significant actuation. [91] The bending displacement of the cellulose-based actuator was influenced by inner anion and cation size.…”

Section: Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Chen

Sun

Biehl

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Compared to other commonly used materials in the field of soft actuators, cellulose offers many advantages such as low cost, sustainability, versatile applications, and abundancy. Due to the enormous and growing demand in the functional flexible electronics industry, cellulose‐based soft actuators are receiving a lot of attention and are undergoing an exciting development. In this focused review, the milestones and recent achievements of cellulose‐based actuators are presented. The actuation energy of the actuators is mainly generated through external stimuli like electricity, temperature, magnetic fields, light, or moisture. Different systems which use these stimuli and corresponding fabrication techniques for these materials, such as self‐assembly and layer by layer deposition are discussed. Further, the currently applied strategies to achieve programmable actions in soft actuators will be reviewed, which allow control over responding deformation. Finally, the pending challenges and some potential solutions in the upcoming development of cellulose‐based actuators are summarized.

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Section: Design and Fabrication Of Cellulose-based Actuators 21 Desig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Chen

Sun

Biehl

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…CNFs have been blended with thermally reversible supramolecular cross-linked polymers to cast flexible substrates . Joule heating was achieved by depositing single-walled carbon nanotubes as resistance on the matrix.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on the Preparation of Flexible and Green Cellulose-Based Electrothermal Composites for Joule Heating Applications

Tao

Tian

Liang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Cellulose-based electrothermal composites (CETCs) are a type of functional material that combines a cellulose substrate with a heat generator to form multifunctional electrothermal composites with outstanding mechanical properties, biodegradability, flexibility, and Joule heating performance. The forms of cellulose include nanocellulose, cellulose fibers, cellulose paper, and cellulose fabrics. The heat generators include carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes), metal nanowires, metal carbides/nitrides, and other conductive polymers. With the increasing demand for clean energy, comfortable heating, and green raw materials, CETCs are expected to become one of the most promising materials used in electric heating products. To provide the latest research and innovative strategies, this review introduces the methods used to prepare CETCs; these include vacuum filtration, freeze-drying, wet spinning, solution casting, coating, in situ polymerization, and deposition. Additionally, applications and prospects of cellulose-based electrothermal composites in wearable heaters, soft electrothermal actuators, deicers and defrosters, and agricultural films are presented.

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“…[1][2][3] Meta-aramid paper is made of meta-aramid pulp (precipitated fibers) and chopped fibers via wet-forming and hot-pressing, referring to the procedure of preparing cellulose-based paper. 4,5 Inspired by this process of making paper, metaaramid paper inherits many advantages from aramid fibers, such as flexibility, dimensional stability, and easy machinability. 6 Due to these fascinating properties, metaaramid paper can be also used to prepare honeycomb materials, and it is widely used in aerospace, military industry, motors, and transformers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meta‐aramid paper has excellent properties, such as good heat resistance, splendid flameretardance, and dielectric properties, which has attracted extensive attention in academic and industrial fields 1–3 . Meta‐aramid paper is made of meta‐aramid pulp (precipitated fibers) and chopped fibers via wet‐forming and hot‐pressing, referring to the procedure of preparing cellulose‐based paper 4,5 . Inspired by this process of making paper, meta‐aramid paper inherits many advantages from aramid fibers, such as flexibility, dimensional stability, and easy machinability 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(m‐phenylene isophalamide) coated meta‐aramid paper with enhanced mechanical and insulation properties

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Meta-aramid paper is widely used in transformers because of its perfect heat resistance and dielectric properties. However, the loose structure and the voids of meta-aramid paper may lead to lower breakdown strength, which will limit the applications of the insulated paper in harsh environment. Accordingly, it is urgent to enhance the dielectric breakdown strength of meta-aramid paper.This work reports a simple and effective way to increase the breakdown strength of meta-aramid paper. The paper was coated with salt-free poly(mphenylene isophalamide) (PMIA) slurry and the solid contents of PMIA slurry were 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. To obtain salt-free PMIA slurry, the meta-aramid spun fibers were dissolved in dimethylacetamide. After coating 10% PMIA slurry on meta-aramid paper, the paper demonstrated the best comprehensive performance. The tensile strengths in the cross and machine direction reached 40.67 and 90.76 MPa, which were increased by 29.93% and 20.16% compared with pristine paper. Meanwhile, the dielectric breakdown strength was up to 42.75 kV/mm (the breakdown strength of pristine paper was only 16.41 kV/mm). Because no crosslinking agent and adhesive were used, the coated meta-aramid paper still maintained excellent properties.

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Soft actuators built from cellulose paper: A review on actuation, material, fabrication, and applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 108 publications

Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Research Progress on the Preparation of Flexible and Green Cellulose-Based Electrothermal Composites for Joule Heating Applications

Poly(m‐phenylene isophalamide) coated meta‐aramid paper with enhanced mechanical and insulation properties

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