Sodium transport in polyimide-SiO2 systems

Frequency dependent and surface characterization of DNA immobilization and hybridization

“…Changes in the translational and rotational degrees of freedom associated with the coupling reactions and network formation, together with the decrease in the polarizability of the resulting functional groups contribute to an overall increase in electrical impedance. Likewise, EIS may also be used to study the transport of ions or small polarizable molecules like water into and through polymer films (Neuhaus et al, 1985;Scantlebury et al, 1983). In this work, we demonstrate the value of this method to study reactions and materials of systems in two dimensions, i.e., at a solid-electrolyte/water interface using microlithographically defined co-planar electrodes.…”

The use of microwave digestion method for the determination of chemical forms of sodium and chloride ions in seashell structures

“…For instance, cement made from seashells from which sodium and chloride ions have not been expelled would be relatively weak due to large concentrations of highly mobile chloride and sodium ions. 1,2 Sodium and chloride ion concentrations were restricted to less than 200 ppm for the case of cement materials at present. 3 For this reason, in view of the urgent need for recycling of seashell wastes, clarification of the sodium and chloride ion distributions in seashell structures is strongly indicated.…”

Determination of Ultratrace Amounts of Metallic and Chloride Ion Impurities in Organic Materials for Microelectronics Devices After a Microwave Digestion Method

“…Impurities in the constituent materials are known to affect the electrical characteristics of these devices adversely. [1][2][3] The most severe impurities are thought to be radioactive elements, such as thorium and uranium, the presence of results which in so-called soft errors. 4 Alkali and alkaline earth elements as well as the anions Cl 2 and SO 4 22 also degrade device performance because of their high chemical mobility.…”